KIC Lesson 49 Workbook

on 2026-05-30 |  32 minute read

Focus: Time markers (seasons, years, history), organizational structures (committees, centers, enterprises), and physical joints (teeth, bamboo nodes) Range: Characters 697–706 — 委, 夎, äŧ, å­Ŗ, æ­ŗ, å˛, æ­¯, ᝀ, åŗ, æ­´ Companion: Kanji Reference — radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order

This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 49. It includes:

  • ✅ Readings and meanings reference table
  • ✅ Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
  • ✅ Contextual reading practice articles (×3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
  • ✅ Complete vocabulary list
  • ✅ Targeted study aids and tips
  • ✅ Quick self-test with answers

1. 📖 Readings and Meanings Table

No.KanjiMeaningOn'yomi (韺čĒ­ãŋ)Kun'yomi (訓čĒ­ãŋ)
697委committee, entrust to, leave toイゆだ.ねる
698夎center, middleã‚Ēã‚Ļ(ãĒし)
699äŧundertake, scheme, designキくわだ.ãĻる, たくら.む
700å­Ŗseasonsキ(ãĒし)
701æ­ŗyear-end, age, occasionã‚ĩイ, ã‚ģイとし, とせ, よわい
702å˛history, chronicleã‚ˇ(ãĒし)
703æ­¯tooth, cogã‚ˇã‚ˆã‚ã„, は, よわ.い, よわい.する
704ᝀnode, season, periodã‚ģツ, ã‚ģチãĩし, -ãļし, ãŽãŖã¨
705åŗinstant, namely, as isã‚Ŋクつ.く, つ.ける, すãĒわ.ãĄ
706æ­´curriculum, continuation, passage of timeãƒŦキ, ãƒŦッキ(ãĒし)

1B. 🔍 Sound Components & Phonetic Series

The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?

For full structural analysis — radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order — see the Kanji Reference companion file.

Sound ComponentReadingKanji in this lessonNotes
åŗ (prompt action)ã‚Ŋã‚¯åŗ, ᝀ*åŗ (ã‚Ŋク "instant") appears as the phonetic in ᝀ (ã‚ģツ "node"), though the vowel shifts from -oku to -etsu. Both share the sense of a decisive point in time or structure.

Lesson highlight: This chapter clusters around temporal measurement (孪ᝀ "season," ~æ­ŗ "years old," æ­´å˛ "history") and institutional organization (å§”å“Ąäŧš "committee," 中夎 "center," äŧæĨ­ "enterprise"). Many compounds pair lesson kanji: 孪ᝀ (season), æ­´å˛ (history). The æ­ĸ radical appears three times (æ­ŗ, æ­¯, æ­´) but with unrelated meanings — "stop" in the radical name is misleading; these kanji share the component for structural reasons (æ­ŗ ← æ­ĸ+戉, æ­¯ ← æ­ĸ+įąŗ, æ­´ ← æ­ĸ+林), not semantic consistency.


2. 📰 Contextual Reading Practice

Each topic has two versions: đŸŸĸ N3/N2 Level — simpler structures, です/ぞす register, core compounds. 🔴 Advanced Level — natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (委 夎 äŧ å­Ŗ æ­ŗ å˛ æ­¯ ᝀ åŗ æ­´) appear unglossed throughout — read them actively.

Topic 1: äŧæĨ­ã¨å§”å“Ąäŧš

đŸŸĸ N3/N2 Version

æ—ĨæœŦでは、大äŧæĨ­ã‹ã‚‰ä¸­å°äŧæĨ­ãžã§ã€ã„ろいろãĒäŧšį¤žãŒã‚りぞす。äŧšį¤žã§ã¯ã€å¤§åˆ‡ãĒことをæąēãã‚ã‚‹æ™‚ã€å§”å“Ąäŧšã‚’é–‹ã˛ã‚‰ããžã™ã€‚å§”å“Ąäŧšã§ã¯ã€ã„ろいろãĒ部門ãļã‚‚ã‚“ãŽå§”å“ĄãŒé›†ã‚ã¤ãžãŖãĻ、äŧšį¤žãŽä¸­å¤Žã§æąēめることãĢついãĻčŠąã¯ãĒし合あいぞす。

新しいčŖŊå“ã›ã„ã˛ã‚“ã‚’äŊœã‚‹æ™‚は、ぞずäŧį”ģå§”å“ĄäŧšãŒč¨ˆį”ģをįĢ‹ãŸãĻぞす。おんãĒčŖŊ品をäŊœã‚‹ã‹ã€ã„つぞでãĢäŊœã‚‹ã‹ã€ãã†ã„うことをæąēã‚ãžã™ã€‚å§”å“ĄãŸãĄã¯äģ–ãģã‹ãŽå§”å“ĄãĢäģ•äē‹ã‚’å§”č¨—ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚

å§”å“ĄäŧšãŽæąē厚は、äŧšį¤žãŽå°†æĨしょうらいãĢ大きくåŊąéŸŋãˆã„ãã‚‡ã†ã—ãžã™ã€‚ã ã‹ã‚‰ã€å§”å“Ąã¯æ…Žé‡ã—ã‚“ãĄã‚‡ã†ãĢč€ƒã‹ã‚“ãŒãˆãĻæąēめãĒければãĒりぞせん。

Key Vocabulary Used:
äŧæĨ­ (enterprise), 大äŧæĨ­ (large enterprises), 中小äŧæĨ­ (medium and small enterprises), å§”å“Ąäŧš (committee), å§”å“Ą (committee member), 中夎 (center), äŧį”ģ (plan), 委荗 (entrust)

🔴 Advanced Version

įžäģŖæ—ĨæœŦぎäŧæĨ­įĩ„įš”ãĢおいãĻã€å§”å“ĄäŧšåˆļåēĻは意思æąē厚ぎ中核を担ãĢãĒう。大äŧæĨ­ã§ã¯å–ᎠåŊšäŧšã¨ã‚Šã—ãžã‚Šã‚„ãã‹ã„ã‚’é ‚į‚šãĄã‚‡ã†ãĻんãĢ、äŧį”ģå§”å“Ąäŧšã€äēˆįŽ—ã‚ˆã•ã‚“å§”å“Ąäŧšã€äēēäē‹ã˜ã‚“ã˜å§”å“ĄäŧšãĒお、専門せんもん領域りょういきごとãĢį´°åˆ†åŒ–ã•ã„ãļã‚“ã‹ã•ã‚ŒãŸå§”å“ĄäŧšãŒč¨­įŊŽã›ãŖãĄã•れる。中小äŧæĨ­ã§ã‚‚、čĻæ¨Ąããŧは小さくとも、įĩŒå–ļけいえいぎ中夎ãĢå§”å“Ąäŧšįš„ãĒ合議åˆļごうぎせいを導å…ĨおうãĢゅうする䞋れいがåĸ—ãĩえãĻいる。

å§”å“ĄäŧšãŽæ¨Šé™ã‘ã‚“ã’ã‚“ã¯å¤šå˛ãĢわたる。新čŖŊ品äŧį”ģã‚’įˇ´ã­ã‚Šä¸Šã’ã‚‹äŧį”ģå§”å“Ąäŧšã€å¤–部がいãļæĨ­č€…ã¸ãŽå§”č¨—ã‚’å¯ŠæŸģしんさするčĒŋé”å§”å“Ąäŧšã€äŧæĨ­įĩ࿞ģã‚’į›ŖįŖã‹ã‚“ã¨ãã™ã‚‹į›ŖæŸģã‹ã‚“ã•å§”å“ĄäŧšãĒãŠã€å„å§”å“Ąäŧšã¯į‹Ŧč‡Ēおくじぎč˛ŦäģģせきãĢã‚“į¯„å›˛ã‚’æŒã¤ã€‚å§”å“Ąã¯éƒ¨é–€ãļもんæ¨Ēæ–­įš„ãĢ選å‡ēせんしゅつされ、部分ãļãļん最遊さいãĻきではãĒãå…¨į¤žãœã‚“ã—ã‚ƒæœ€éŠã•ã„ãĻきぎčĻ–į‚šã—ãĻã‚“ã§åˆ¤æ–­ã¯ã‚“ã ã‚“ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒæą‚ã‚‚ã¨ã‚ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚

Key Vocabulary Used:
äŧæĨ­ (enterprise), 大äŧæĨ­ (large enterprises), 中小äŧæĨ­ (medium and small enterprises), å§”å“Ąäŧš (committee), å§”å“Ą (committee member), 中夎 (center), äŧį”ģ (plan), 委荗 (entrust)


Topic 2: å››å­Ŗã¨åš´éŊĸ

đŸŸĸ N3/N2 Version

æ—ĨæœŦãĢはæ˜Ĩはる、夏ãĒã¤ã€į§‹ã‚ãã€å†Ŧãĩã‚†ãŽå››å­ŖãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚å­Ŗį¯€ãŒå¤‰ã‹ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã€æ¸ŠåēĻおんおやæšŋåēĻしつおをčĒŋį¯€ã™ã‚‹åŋ…čĻã˛ã¤ã‚ˆã†ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚į‰šã¨ããĢæĸ…é›¨ã¤ã‚†ãŽå­Ŗį¯€ãĢã¯ã€éƒ¨åą‹ã¸ã‚„ãŽæšŋåēĻしつおčĒŋį¯€ãŒé‡čĻã˜ã‚…ã†ã‚ˆã†ã§ã™ã€‚

æ—ĨæœŦäēēã¯å­Ŗį¯€ã‚’ã¨ãĻも大切ãĢã—ãžã™ã€‚æ­Ŗæœˆã—ã‚‡ã†ãŒã¤ãĢã¯ãŠį¯€æ–™į†ã‚’éŖŸãšã€æ­ŗæœĢ大媞å‡ēã—ã§č˛ˇã‹ã„į‰Šã‚‚ãŽã‚’ã—ãžã™ã€‚ãŠæ­ŗæšŽã¨ã„ã†åš´æœĢãŽč´ˆãŠãã‚Šį‰Šã‚‚ãŽãŽįŋ’æ…Ŗã—ã‚…ã†ã‹ã‚“ã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚

į§ã¯äģŠåš´ã§äēŒåæ­ŗãĢãĒりぞす。「あãĒたはäŊ•æ­ŗã§ã™ã‹ã€ã¨čžãã‹ã‚ŒãŸã‚‰ã€ã€ŒäēŒåæ­ŗã§ã™ã€ã¨į­”こたえぞす。æ—ĨæœŦでは、äēŒåæ­ŗã¯å¤§äēēおとãĒãĢãĒる大切たいせつãĒ嚴としです。

Key Vocabulary Used:
四孪 (four seasons), 孪ᝀ (season), čĒŋᝀ (adjust), ãŠį¯€æ–™į† (New Year's special food), æ­ŗæœĢ大媞å‡ēし (year-end sale), ãŠæ­ŗæšŽ (year-end gift), äēŒåæ­ŗ (twenty years old), ~æ­ŗ (~years old)

🔴 Advanced Version

æ—ĨæœŦ列åŗļãŽæ°—å€™ã¯å››å­ŖãŽæŽ¨į§ģã™ã„ã„ãŒéŽŽæ˜Žã›ã‚“ã‚ã„ã§ã€å­Ŗį¯€éĸ¨ãŽåŊąéŸŋえいきょうãĢã‚ˆã‚Šå„å­Ŗį¯€ãŒæ˜Žįž­ã‚ã„ã‚Šã‚‡ã†ãĒį‰šåž´ã¨ããĄã‚‡ã†ã‚’į¤ēしめす。å¤Ēåšŗæ´‹å´ãŸã„ã¸ã„ã‚ˆã†ãŒã‚ã§ã¯å¤å­Ŗã‹ããĢå—æąãĒã‚“ã¨ã†å­Ŗį¯€éĸ¨ãŒã€å†Ŧå­Ŗã¨ã†ããĢ北čĨŋãģãã›ã„å­Ŗį¯€éĸ¨ãŒå“čļŠãŸããˆã¤ã—、降水こうすいパã‚ŋãƒŧãƒŗã‚’čĻåŽšããĻいする。äŧįĩąįš„でんとうãĻきãĒæšĻこよãŋではäēŒåå››į¯€æ°—ãĢã‚ˆã‚Šå­Ŗį¯€ãŽåžŽį´°ãŗã•ã„ãĒį§ģã†ã¤ã‚Šå¤‰ã‹ã‚ã‚Šã‚’æ‰ã¨ã‚‰ãˆã€čž˛č€•ãŽã†ã“ã†į¤žäŧšã—ゃかいãĢおけるäŊœæĨ­ã•ãŽã‚‡ã†æ™‚æœŸã˜ããŽæŒ‡æ¨™ã—ã˛ã‚‡ã†ã¨ã—ãĻきた。

æ­ŗæ™‚č¨˜ã¯å­Ŗį¯€ã”ã¨ãŽåš´ä¸­ã­ã‚“ã˜ã‚…ã†čĄŒäē‹ã‚’č¨˜éŒ˛ãã‚ãã—ãŸæ–‡åŒ–ãļんかéēį”Ŗã„ã•ã‚“ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚æ­ŖæœˆãŽãŠį¯€æ–™į†ã€į¯€åˆ†ã›ã¤ãļã‚“ãŽčą†ãžãã€æ­ŗæœĢぎ大掃除ãĒãŠã€į¯€į›Žã¨ãĒã‚‹æ™‚į‚šã˜ãĻんãĢ儀į¤ŧぎれいを配įŊŽã¯ã„ãĄã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€å…ąåŒäŊ“きょうおうたいぎ時間じかん感čĻšã‚’å…ąæœ‰ãã‚‡ã†ã‚†ã†ã—ãĻããŸã€‚ãŠæ­ŗæšŽã‚„ä¸­å…ƒãĄã‚…ã†ã’ã‚“ãŽč´ˆį­”ãžã†ã¨ã†įŋ’æ…Ŗã—ã‚…ã†ã‹ã‚“ã¯ã€å­Ŗį¯€ãŽį¯€į›ŽãĩしめãĢį¤žäŧšįš„しゃかいãĻãį´å¸¯ãĄã‚…ã†ãŸã„ã‚’æ›´æ–°ã“ã†ã—ã‚“ã™ã‚‹æŠŸčƒŊきぎうを果たす。

åš´éŊĸčĄ¨įžã˛ã‚‡ã†ã’ã‚“ã‚‚å­Ŗį¯€ã¨įĩã‚€ã™ãŗã¤ãã€‚ã€Œä¸‰åčˇ¯ã€ã€Œå››åčˇ¯ã€ã¨ã„ãŖãŸå¤čĒžã“ã”ã§ã¯ã€Œčˇ¯ã€ãŽå­—ã˜ã§äēēį”Ÿã˜ã‚“ã›ã„ãŽé“į¨‹ãŠã†ãĻいをį¤ēしめし、äēŒåæ­ŗãŽæˆäēēåŧã¯æ˜Ĩ分しゅんãļん前垌ぜんごãĢ原æ–Ŋã˜ãŖã—ã•ã‚Œã‚‹č‡Ēæ˛ģäŊ“ã˜ãĄãŸã„ã‚‚å¤šã„ã€‚æ­ŗã‚’é‡ã‹ã•ã­ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ã€å››å­Ŗã‚’äŊ•åˇĄãĒんめぐりしたかを数かぞえることãĢãģかãĒらãĒい。

Key Vocabulary Used:
四孪 (four seasons), 孪ᝀ (season), 孪ᝀéĸ¨ (monsoon), ᝀ (node/joint), čĒŋᝀ (adjust), ãŠį¯€æ–™į† (New Year's special food), æ­ŗæœĢ大媞å‡ēし (year-end sale), ãŠæ­ŗæšŽ (year-end gift), äēŒåæ­ŗ (twenty years old), ~æ­ŗ (~years old)


Topic 3: æ­´å˛ã¨įĩŒæ­´

đŸŸĸ N3/N2 Version

å­Ļæ Ąã§ã¯ã€æ—ĨæœŦå˛ã‚„ä¸–į•Œå˛ã‚’å‹‰åŧˇãšã‚“ãã‚‡ã†ã—ãžã™ã€‚æ­´å˛ã‚’å­Ļãļことは、過åŽģかこぎå‡ēæĨäē‹ã§ãã”とをįŸĨるだけでãĒく、äģŠãŽä¸–į•Œã‚’į†č§Ŗã‚Šã‹ã„ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ãĢåŊšįĢ‹ã‚„ãã ãĄãžã™ã€‚æ–‡å­Ļå˛ã‚’å­Ļずば、äŊœåŽļã•ãŖã‹ãŸãĄãŒį”Ÿã„ããŸæ™‚äģŖãŒã‚ˆãåˆ†ã‹ã‚Šãžã™ã€‚

å°ąčˇã—ã‚…ã†ã—ã‚‡ãã™ã‚‹æ™‚ãĢは、åąĨ歴書りれきしょを書きぞす。åąĨ歴書ãĢはå­Ļæ­´ã¨čˇæ­´ã‚’æ›¸ããžã™ã€‚å­Ļ歴は、おぎå­Ļæ Ąã‚’å’æĨ­ãã¤ãŽã‚‡ã†ã—ãŸã‹ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã§ã™ã€‚čˇæ­´ã¯ã€ã“ã‚Œãžã§ãŠã‚“ãĒäģ•äē‹ã‚’しãĻきたかということです。

前歴があるäēēは、新あたらしいäŧšį¤žã§ã‚‚そぎįĩŒé¨“ã‘ã„ã‘ã‚“ã‚’į”Ÿã„ã‹ã™ã“ã¨ãŒã§ããžã™ã€‚éĸæŽĨめんせつでは、č‡Ē分ぎįĩŒæ­´ãĢついãĻčŠŗãã‚ã—ãčĒŦ明せつめいしぞす。

Key Vocabulary Used:
æ­´å˛ (history), æ—ĨæœŦå˛ (Japanese history), ä¸–į•Œå˛ (world history), 文å­Ļå˛ (history of literature), å­Ļæ­´ (educational history), čˇæ­´ (employment record), įĩŒæ­´ (personal history), 前歴 (past record)

🔴 Advanced Version

æ­´å˛å­Ļは単たんãĒã‚‹åš´äģŖã­ã‚“ã ã„č¨˜ã§ã¯ãĒãã€å› æžœã„ã‚“ãŒé€ŖéŽ–ãŽč§Ŗæ˜Žã‹ã„ã‚ã„ã‚’į›ŽæŒ‡ã‚ã–ã™å­Ļ問がくもんである。æ—ĨæœŦå˛į ”įŠļでは、古äģŖã“だいからčŋ‘äģŖã¸ãŽæ”ŋæ˛ģã›ã„ã˜æ§‹é€ ã“ã†ãžã†ãŽå¤‰éˇã¸ã‚“ã›ã‚“ã‚’čŋŊãŠã„ã€ä¸–į•Œå˛į ”įŠļでは文明ãļんめい間ぎä礿ĩã“ã†ã‚Šã‚…ã†ã¨čĄįĒã—ã‚‡ã†ã¨ã¤ã‚’åˆ†æžãļんせきする。文å­Ļå˛ã¯äŊœå“ã•ãã˛ã‚“ãŽįžŽįš„ãŗãĻãäžĄå€¤ã‹ãĄãŽãŋãĒã‚‰ãšã€č¨€čĒžã’ã‚“ã”čĄ¨įžã˛ã‚‡ã†ã’ã‚“ãŽæ­´å˛ã‚Œãã—įš„å¤‰åŽšã¸ã‚“ã‚ˆã†ã‚’čˇĄã‚ã¨ãĨけるčŠĻこころãŋでもある。各かく分野ãļã‚“ã‚„ãŽå˛å­Ļã¯ã€å˛æ–™ã—ã‚Šã‚‡ã†ãŽæ‰šåˆ¤ã˛ã¯ã‚“įš„æ¤œč¨Žã‘ã‚“ã¨ã†ã‚’é€šã¤ã†ã˜ãĻ過åŽģかこぎ原像じつぞうãĢčŋĢせぞる。

個äēēこじんぎįĩŒæ­´įŽĄį†ã‹ã‚“ã‚Šã‚‚ä¸€į¨ŽãŽæ­´å˛ã‚Œãã—č¨˜čŋ°ãã˜ã‚…つである。å­Ļæ­´ã¯æ•™č‚˛ãã‚‡ã†ã„ãæŠŸé–ĸきかんでぎåąĨäŋŽã‚Šã—ã‚…ã†éŽį¨‹ã‹ãĻã„ã‚’ã€čˇæ­´ã¯åŠ´åƒã‚ã†ãŠã†å¸‚å ´ã—ã˜ã‚‡ã†ã§ãŽčˇå‹™ã—ã‚‡ãã‚€éæ­´ã‚’č¨˜éŒ˛ãã‚ãã™ã‚‹ã€‚æŽĄį”¨ã•ã„ã‚ˆã†é¸č€ƒã›ã‚“ã“ã†ã§ã¯ã€åŋœå‹Ÿč€…おうãŧしゃぎ前歴が将æĨしょうらいぎæĨ­į¸žãŽã‚‡ã†ã›ãä爿¸Ŧã‚ˆãããŽæŒ‡æ¨™ã—ã˛ã‚‡ã†ã¨ãĒる。įĩŒæ­´ãŽé€Ŗį€§ã‚Œã‚“ãžãã›ã„ã¯å°‚é–€æ€§ã›ã‚“ã‚‚ã‚“ã›ã„ãŽč“„įŠãĄãã›ãã‚’į¤ēし、čģĸ聡ãĻんしょくåąĨ歴ぎ多様性たようせいは遊åŋœãĻきおう力ぎč¨ŧåˇĻã—ã‚‡ã†ã•ã¨č§Ŗé‡ˆã‹ã„ã—ã‚ƒãã•ã‚Œã†ã‚‹ã€‚

å˛æ–™ã¨ã—ãĻぎåąĨ歴書は、そぎ時äģŖãŽé›‡į”¨ã“ã‚ˆã†æ…ŖčĄŒã‹ã‚“ã“ã†ã¨į¤žäŧšã—ã‚ƒã‹ã„äžĄå€¤čĻŗã‹ãĄã‹ã‚“ã‚’åæ˜ ã¯ã‚“ãˆã„ã™ã‚‹ã€‚å­Ļæ­´åé‡ã¸ã‚“ãĄã‚‡ã†į¤žäŧšã§ã¯æœ€įĩ‚さいしゅうå­Ļ歴が、原力じつりょくä¸ģįžŠį¤žäŧšã§ã¯čˇæ­´ãŽå…ˇäŊ“įš„ããŸã„ãĻき成果せいかが重čĻ–ã˜ã‚…ã†ã—ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚å€‹äēēå˛ã‚’é›†įŠã—ã‚…ã†ã›ãã™ã‚Œã°ã€į¤žäŧšå˛ã—ゃかいしぎ断éĸだんめんがæĩŽã†ã‹ãŗä¸ŠãŒã‚‹ã€‚

Key Vocabulary Used:
æ­´å˛ (history), æ—ĨæœŦå˛ (Japanese history), ä¸–į•Œå˛ (world history), 文å­Ļå˛ (history of literature), å­Ļæ­´ (educational history), čˇæ­´ (employment record), įĩŒæ­´ (personal history), 前歴 (past record)


3. 📝 Complete Vocabulary List

Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono — Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see 📚 Notes.

697 — 委 (committee)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
å§”å“Ąäŧšã„いんかいcommittee
å§”å“Ąã„ã„ã‚“member of a committee
å§”č¨—ã„ãŸãentrust, consign

698 — 夎 (center)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ä¸­å¤ŽãĄã‚…ã†ãŠã†center

699 — äŧ (undertake)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
äŧæĨ­ããŽã‚‡ã†corporation
大äŧæĨ­ã ã„きぎょうlarge enterprises
中小äŧæĨ­ãĄã‚‡ã†ã—ょうきぎょうmedium and small enterprises
äŧį”ģきかくplan
äŧãĻるくだわãĻるplan, scheme, attempt, try, undertake
äŧãĻくわだãĻplan, scheme, project

700 — å­Ŗ (seasons)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
å­Ŗį¯€ãã›ã¤season
孪ᝀéĸ¨ãã›ã¤ãĩうmonsoon
å››å­Ŗã—ãfour seasons

701 — æ­ŗ (year-end)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
~æ­ŗ~さい~ years old
æ­ŗå‡ēさいしゅつexpenditure
æ­ŗå…ĨさいãĢゅうrevenue
æ­ŗæœĢ大媞å‡ēしさいぞつおおうりだしbig year-end sale
ä¸‡æ­ŗã°ã‚“ã–ã„Long live (the emporer, king, etc.)
äēŒåæ­ŗã¯ãŸãĄtwenty years old
ãŠæ­ŗæšŽãŠã›ã„ãŧyear-end gift

702 — å˛ (history)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
æ­´å˛ã‚Œãã—history
æ—ĨæœŦå˛ãĢãģんしJapanese history
ä¸–į•Œå˛ã›ã‹ã„ã—world history
文å­Ļå˛ãļんがくしhistory of literature

703 — 歯 (tooth)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
歯はtooth
č™Ģ歯むしばdecayed tooth, cavity
前歯ぞえばfront tooth
æ­¯åŒģč€…ã¯ã„ã—ã‚ƒdentist
æ­¯čģŠã¯ãã‚‹ãžgear
æ­¯į§‘åŒģしかいdentist

704 — ᝀ (node)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
čĒŋį¯€ãĄã‚‡ã†ã›ã¤adjust
äŊŋį¯€ã—ã›ã¤mission, envoy
į¯€į´„ã›ã¤ã‚„ãsave (electricity, water, time, etc.)
é–ĸį¯€ã‹ã‚“ã›ã¤joint
ãŠį¯€æ–™į†ãŠã›ãĄã‚Šã‚‡ã†ã‚Šspecial dinner for the New Year
ᝀãĩしknob, joint (in a bamboo shaft)

705 — åŗ (instant)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
åŗčˆˆããŖãã‚‡ã†improvisation
åŗæ™‚ãĢそくじãĢinstantly, immediately
åŗåē§ãĢそくざãĢimmediately

706 — 歴 (curriculum)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
å­Ļ歴がくれき(one's) educational history, academic background
čˇæ­´ã—ã‚‡ãã‚Œã(one's) record of employment
įĩŒæ­´ã‘いれきpersonal history
前歴ぜんれき(one's) past record
æ­´å˛ã‚Œãã—history

4. 💡 Study Aids & Learning Tips

A. 📚 Semantic Grouping

Time & temporal measurement

  • 孪ᝀ (season), 四孪 (four seasons), 孪ᝀéĸ¨ (monsoon)
  • æ­ŗ ( years old), äēŒåæ­ŗ (twenty years old), æ­ŗæœĢ大媞å‡ēし (year-end sale), ãŠæ­ŗæšŽ (year-end gift)
  • æ­´å˛ (history), æ—ĨæœŦå˛ (Japanese history), ä¸–į•Œå˛ (world history), 文å­Ļå˛ (history of literature)
  • åŗåē§ãĢ (immediately), åŗæ™‚ãĢ (instantly)

Organizations & institutions

  • å§”å“Ąäŧš (committee), å§”å“Ą (committee member), 委荗 (entrust)
  • 中夎 (center)
  • äŧæĨ­ (enterprise), 大äŧæĨ­ (large enterprises), 中小äŧæĨ­ (medium and small enterprises), äŧį”ģ (plan)

Physical structures & adjustment

  • æ­¯ (tooth), č™Ģæ­¯ (cavity), 前歯 (front tooth), æ­¯åŒģ者 (dentist), æ­¯čģŠ (gear), æ­¯į§‘åŒģ (dentist)
  • ᝀ (joint/knob), é–ĸᝀ (joint), čĒŋᝀ (adjust), ᝀᴄ (economize)
  • ãŠį¯€æ–™į† (New Year's special food), äŊŋᝀ (envoy/mission)

Personal records

  • å­Ļæ­´ (educational history), čˇæ­´ (employment record), įĩŒæ­´ (personal history), 前歴 (past record)

B. 🔤 On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation

イ readings

  • å§”å“Ą (いいん) — committee member
  • 委荗 (いたく) — entrust/consign
    *Both use イ. Watch: å§”å“Ąäŧš is いいんかい, not いいんがい (no rendaku).

ã‚ģツ / ã‚ĩイ for "ᝀ" meanings

  • 孪ᝀ (きせつ) — season (ã‚ģツ reading)
  • ᝀᴄ (せつやく) — economize (ã‚ģツ reading)
  • é–ĸᝀ (かんせつ) — joint (body part, ã‚ģツ reading)
  • čĒŋᝀ (ãĄã‚‡ã†ã›ã¤) — adjust (ã‚ģツ reading)
    vs.
  • æ­ŗå‡ē (さいしゅつ) — expenditure (ã‚ĩイ reading, different kanji æ­ŗ)
  • æ­ŗå…Ĩ (さいãĢゅう) — revenue (ã‚ĩイ reading, æ­ŗ)

ãƒŦキ / ã‚ˇ for history

  • æ­´å˛ (れきし) — history (both kanji together)
  • å­Ļæ­´ (がくれき) — educational history (ãƒŦキ alone)
  • æ—ĨæœŦå˛ (ãĢãģんし) — Japanese history (ã‚ˇ alone)

ã‚Ŋク immediacy

  • åŗčˆˆ (ããŖãã‚‡ã†) — improvisation (geminate ッ before キョã‚Ļ)
  • åŗåē§ãĢ (そくざãĢ) — immediately
  • åŗæ™‚ãĢ (そくじãĢ) — instantly

C. 🌸 Kun'yomi Verbs & Nouns

äŧãĻる (くわだãĻる) — plan, scheme, attempt
äŧãĻ (くわだãĻ) — plan, scheme (noun)
Note: kun reading for "undertake." On'yomi キ in äŧæĨ­.

委ゆだねる — entrust, leave to (someone)
Rare kun reading. On'yomi イ dominates (å§”å“Ą, 委荗).

歯 (は) — tooth
Pure kun, no okurigana. The on'yomi ã‚ˇ appears in æ­¯į§‘åŒģ (dentist, しかい).

ᝀ (ãĩし) — knob, joint (in bamboo shaft), melody
Kun reading for physical structure. On'yomi ã‚ģツ in 孪ᝀ, ᝀᴄ.


D. 📌 Lesson-Specific: The âŊŒ Radical Cluster (æ­ŗ, æ­¯, æ­´)

Three kanji in this lesson share the âŊŒ radical (とめる "to stop"), but their meanings diverge completely. This is a structural coincidence, not a semantic cluster:

  • æ­ŗ (year-end, age) — âŊŒ + 戉 (ancient axe component). The "stop" meaning doesn't apply; the character originally depicted a harvest tool marking the year's end.
  • æ­¯ (tooth) — âŊŒ + įąŗ + å‡ĩ. The âŊŒ here is a structural element, not a meaning component. Think "tooth" as a standalone meaning.
  • æ­´ (curriculum, continuation) — âŊŒ + 林 + 厂. The component 林 (forest) suggests "passing through" multiple points, yielding the "passage of time" meaning.

Takeaway: Don't assume shared radicals mean shared meanings. In KANJIDIC2, these three are filed under âŊŒ for dictionary organization, but when learning compounds, treat each kanji's meaning independently.


E. âš ī¸ Watch Out!

äŧãĻる vs äŧį”ģ

  • äŧãĻる (くわだãĻる) — kun reading, "scheme/attempt" (can have a negative connotation, like plotting)
  • äŧį”ģ (きかく) — on reading, "plan" (neutral/positive, used in business contexts)
    Context matters: æ‚ĒだくãŋをäŧãĻる (plot evil) vs 新čŖŊ品をäŧį”ģする (plan a new product).

äēŒåæ­ŗ (ã¯ãŸãĄ)

  • Special reading, not ãĢじゅうさい. This is the only common age with a unique kun reading.
  • Other ages: ä¸‰åæ­ŗ (ã•ã‚“ã˜ã‚…ãŖã•ã„), å››åæ­ŗ (ã‚ˆã‚“ã˜ã‚…ãŖã•ã„) — regular ã‚ĩイ pattern.

ᝀᴄ (せつやく) vs čĒŋᝀ (ãĄã‚‡ã†ã›ã¤)

  • ᝀᴄ — economize, save resources (electricity, water, money)
  • čĒŋᝀ — adjust, regulate (temperature, humidity, volume)
    Both use ᝀ but with different verbs. čĒŋᝀ is about fine-tuning; ᝀᴄ is about restraint.

ãŠį¯€æ–™į† (ãŠã›ãĄã‚Šã‚‡ã†ã‚Š)

  • Unique reading: ã›ãĄ (not せつ) due to sound shift in this set phrase.
  • Refers specifically to New Year's food. Don't use į¯€æ–™į†* alone.

æ­¯čģŠ (はぐるぞ) — "gear"

  • Kun reading は + くるぞ (wheel). Means both mechanical gear and metaphorically "a cog in the machine."
  • On'yomi compound æ­¯į§‘ (しか, dentistry) uses ã‚ˇ reading instead.

åŗ compounds with gemination

  • åŗčˆˆ (ããŖãã‚‡ã†) — note the ッ.
  • åŗåē§ãĢ (そくざãĢ), åŗæ™‚ãĢ (そくじãĢ) — no gemination.
    The ッ in åŗčˆˆ is because キョã‚Ļ starts with a k-sound, triggering the geminate. ã‚ļ and ジ don't, so no ッ.

5. âœī¸ Writing Practice Prompts

  1. あãĒたぎäŧšį¤žãŽå§”å“ĄäŧšãŒã€æ–°ã—いäŧį”ģã‚’č€ƒãˆãĻã„ãžã™ã€‚ä¸­å¤ŽãŽå§”å“ĄãĢäģ•äē‹ã‚’å§”č¨—ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã€ãã‚Œã¨ã‚‚ä¸­å°äŧæĨ­ãĢé ŧむか、æąēめãĻください。(Use: å§”å“Ąäŧš, äŧį”ģ, 中夎, 委荗, äŧæĨ­)

  2. å››å­ŖãŽä¸­ã§ã€ãŠãŽå­Ŗį¯€ãŒä¸€į•ĒåĨŊãã§ã™ã‹ã€‚å­Ŗį¯€ã”ã¨ãĢおんãĒã“ã¨ã‚’ã—ãžã™ã‹ã€‚ãŠį¯€æ–™į†ã‚„æ­ŗæœĢぎįŋ’æ…ŖãĢついãĻ書いãĻください。(Use: 四孪, 孪ᝀ, ãŠį¯€æ–™į†, æ­ŗæœĢ)

  3. あãĒたぎå­Ļæ­´ã¨čˇæ­´ã‚’į°Ąå˜ãĢčĒŦ明しãĻください。æ—ĨæœŦå˛ã‚„ä¸–į•Œå˛ãŽä¸­ã§ã€ãŠãŽæ­´å˛įš„ãĒå‡ēæĨäē‹ãĢčˆˆå‘ŗãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã™ã‹ã€‚(Use: å­Ļæ­´, čˇæ­´, æ­´å˛, æ—ĨæœŦå˛, ä¸–į•Œå˛)

  4. æ­¯åŒģ者ãĢčĄŒãŖãŸæ™‚ãŽã“ã¨ã‚’æ›¸ã„ãĻください。é–ĸį¯€ãŒį—›ã„æ™‚ã€ãŠã†ã‚„ãŖãĻčĒŋį¯€ã—ãžã™ã‹ã€‚į¯€į´„ãŽãŸã‚ãĢäŊ•をしãĻいぞすか。(Use: æ­¯åŒģ者, é–ĸᝀ, čĒŋᝀ, ᝀᴄ)


6. đŸ§Ē Quick Self-Test

Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.

#WordYour Reading
1å§”å“Ąäŧš
2中夎
3大äŧæĨ­
4孪ᝀ
5四孪
6äēŒåæ­ŗ
7æ­´å˛
8ä¸–į•Œå˛
9æ­¯åŒģ者
10ᝀᴄ
11åŗåē§ãĢ
12å­Ļæ­´
Answers
  1. いいんかい
  2. ãĄã‚…ã†ãŠã†
  3. だいきぎょう
  4. きせつ
  5. しき
  6. ã¯ãŸãĄ
  7. れきし
  8. せかいし
  9. はいしゃ
  10. せつやく
  11. そくざãĢ
  12. がくれき

After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 49 to auto-fill the Answers block.


📚 Notes


References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 49, Kanji 697–706) · Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_049.txt)