KIC Lesson 53 Workbook
Table of Contents
- # 1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
- # 1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
- # 2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
- # 3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
- # 4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
- # 5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
- # 6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
- # ๐ Notes
Focus: Talent and materials (ๆ, ๆ), wealth saved and stored (่ฒก, ่ฒฏ, ่), the names and lineages that carry it all (ๆฐ), and the hand-radical verbs of exchange, contact and resistance (ๆ, ๆฅ, ๆ, ๆต) โ right down to the bottom of things (ๅบ). Range: Characters 739โ749 โ ๆ, ๆ, ๆ, ๆ, ่ฒก, ๆฐ, ๆฅ, ่, ่ฒฏ, ๅบ, ๆต Companion: Kanji Reference โ radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order
This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 53. It includes:
- โ Readings and meanings reference table
- โ Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
- โ Contextual reading practice articles (ร3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
- โ Complete vocabulary list
- โ Targeted study aids and tips
- โ Quick self-test with answers
1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
| No. | Kanji | Meaning | On'yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) | Kun'yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 739 | ๆ | interchange, period, change | ใซใณ | ใ.ใใ, -ใ.ใใ, ใ.ใใ |
| 740 | ๆ | confront, resist, defy | ใณใฆ | ใใใ.ใ |
| 741 | ๆ | genius, years old, cubic shaku | ใตใค | (ใชใ) |
| 742 | ๆ | lumber, log, timber | ใถใค | (ใชใ) |
| 743 | ่ฒก | property, money, wealth | ใถใค, ใตใค, ใพใฏ | ใใใ |
| 744 | ๆฐ | family name, surname, clan | ใท | ใใ, -ใใ |
| 745 | ๆฅ | touch, contact, adjoin | ใปใ, ใทใงใฆ | ใค.ใ |
| 746 | ่ | amass, raise, hoard | ใใฏ | ใใใ.ใใ |
| 747 | ่ฒฏ | savings, store, lay in | ใใง | ใ.ใใ, ใใใ.ใใ |
| 748 | ๅบ | bottom, sole, depth | ใใค | ใใ |
| 749 | ๆต | resist, reach, touch | ใใค | (ใชใ) |
1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?
For full structural analysis โ radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order โ see the Kanji Reference companion file.
Phonetic Series Summary
| Sound Component | Reading | Kanji in this lesson | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๆ (talent; sprout) | ใตใค / ใถใค | ๆ, ๆ, ่ฒก | ๆ is both a kanji and the sound inside ๆ (ๆจ+ๆ) and ่ฒก (่ฒ+ๆ); the voiced ใถใค appears when ๆ is a component. Outside: ๅจ (ใถใค, exist). |
| ๆฐ (base, bottom) | ใใค | ๅบ, ๆต | The sound is ๆฐ โ not ๆฐ (this lesson's own ใท kanji). ๆฐ is ๆฐ with an extra stroke underneath. Outside: ไฝ (ใใค, low), ้ธ (ใใค, mansion). |
| ไบข | ใณใฆ | ๆ | Singleton here; real series outside: ่ช (ใณใฆ, voyage), ๅ (ใณใฆ, mine shaft). |
| ๅฅ | ใซใณ | ๆ | Singleton here; outside: ๅ (ใซใณ, shout, summon). |
| ็ (livestock; accumulate) | ใใฏ | ่ | ่ = ่น + ็; ็ supplies both the sound and the "accumulate" sense. Look-alike warning: ็็ฃ vs ่็ฉ. |
| ๅฆพ | ใทใงใฆ โ ใปใ | ๆฅ | ๆฅ's secondary on'yomi ใทใงใฆ matches ๅฆพ's reading; the everyday ใปใ is the drifted form. Not a productive series for prediction. |
| ๅฎ (store) | ใใง | ่ฒฏ | Rare component with no common siblings โ treat ่ฒฏ's reading as memorized. |
๐ก Lesson highlight: Two sound components do the heavy lifting: ๆ โ ๆ, ่ฒก (all ใถใค) and ๆฐ โ ๅบ, ๆต (all ใใค) โ and the trap is that ๆฐ is not ๆฐ. The lesson also packs a ๆ (hand) cluster โ ๆ, ๆ, ๆฅ, ๆต โ where the radical genuinely carries a coherent "act on something by hand" sense (exchange, resist, touch, push against). But ๆ is filed under the same ๆ radical by dictionaries purely by shape: it is a sprout/talent pictograph, not a hand kanji (radical โ semantic component). ่ฒก and ่ฒฏ round out the money vocabulary through ่ฒ (shell = wealth), and ่ stores it up.
2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
Each topic has two versions: ๐ข N3/N2 Level โ simpler structures, ใงใ/ใพใ register, core compounds. ๐ด Advanced Level โ natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (ๆ ๆ ๆ ๆ ่ฒก ๆฐ ๆฅ ่ ่ฒฏ ๅบ ๆต) appear unglossed throughout โ read them actively.
๐๏ธ Topic 1: ่ฒฏ่ใจ่ฒกๅธ โ ๅฎถ่จใ่ฆ็ดใ
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๅ ๆใไฝ่คใใใฏๅฎถ่จใ่ฆ็ดใใพใใใๆฏๆ่ฒฏ้ใใใฆใใใฎใซใๆใฃใใใๅขใใฆใใชใใฃใใใใงใใ่ฒกๅธใฎไธญใฎใฌใทใผใใ่ชฟในใใจใไฝฟใใชใใฆใใใใฃใใ้ใใใใใใใใพใใใ
้่กใฎไบบใฏใ่ฒฏ่ใฏใๅฐใใใค่ใใใใจใๅคงๅใงใใใจๆใใฆใใใพใใใ็ฝๅฎณใซๅใใฆใๆฐดใ้ฃๆใๅ่ใใฆใใๅฎถๅบญใใใใพใใใ้ใๅใใงใใ่ฒทใใใ็ฉใฏใๅบๅคใซใชใใพใงๅพ ใคใใจใใงใใพใใ
ๅฝใฎ่ฒกๆฟใ่ฒก็ใฎใใฅใผในใๆฐใซใชใใพใใใใพใ่ชๅใฎ่ฒก็ฃใ็ฅใใใจใใๅงใใใใจใไฝ่คใใใฏๆใใพใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ่ฒฏ้, ่ฒกๅธ, ่ฒฏ่, ่ใใ, ๅ่, ๅบๅค, ่ฒกๆฟ, ่ฒก็, ่ฒก็ฃ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆฟๅบใฎๅฎถ่จ่ชฟๆปใซใใใฐใไธๅธฏใใจใฎ่ฒฏ่้กใซใฏๅคงใใชๆ ผๅทฎใใใใๅ ๅฎใซ่ฒฏ้ใ้ใญใๅฑคใใใไธๆนใ็ฉไพก้ซใง่ใใไฝ่ฃใๅคฑใไธๅธฏใๅขใใฆใใใ่ฒกๅธใฎ็ดใ็ท ใใ็ฏ็ดใ ใใงใฏใ่ณ็ฃๅฝขๆใฏๅฎนๆใงใฏใชใใ
ๅ ้ฃๅบใฏ้ฒ็ฝใฎ่ฆณ็นใใใๆฐดใ้ฃๆใๅ่ใใๅฎถๅบญใธใฎๅ็บใๅผทๅใใฆใใใ่ณ้ใ็ฉ่ณใใๅนณๆใฎ่็ฉใๆไบใฎๅฎๅฟใๅทฆๅณใใใใใ ใๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใงใฏใๅบๅคใฎๆฐดๆบใง่ฒทใๅขใใ็ใๅใใใใใใ็ธๅ ดใฎๅคๅใฏไบๆธฌใใใใใ
ๅไบบใฎ่ฒก็ฃใซ้ใใใ่ฒกๅ็ใๅ ฌ่กจใใๅฝใฎ่ฒกๆฟ็ถๆณใใ่ฒก็ๅ็คพใฎๅๅใใๅฎถ่จใจ็ก้ขไฟใงใฏใชใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ่ฒฏ้, ่ฒฏ่, ่ใใ, ่ฒกๅธ, ๅ่, ่็ฉ, ๅบๅค, ่ฒก็ฃ, ่ฒกๅ็, ่ฒกๆฟ, ่ฒก็
๐๏ธ Topic 2: ๅคฉๆๅปบ็ฏๅฎถใธใฎๅๆ
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๅ ้ฑใ้่ชใฎ่จ่ ใๆๅใชๅปบ็ฏๅฎถใๅฑฑๆฌๆฐใซๅๆใใใพใใใๅฑฑๆฌๆฐใฏ28ๆใฎๆใซๅคงใใช่ณใๅใใๅคฉๆใจๅผใฐใใฆใใพใใๆฐๅใ่ใใใใจใใๅฑฑๆฌใงใใใจ้ใใซ็ญใใพใใใ
ๅฝผใฏๅคๆใชไบบใงใ็ตตใ้ณๆฅฝใๅพๆใงใใใใใงใใๆ่ฝใใใๆฏๆฅใฎๅชๅใฎใปใใๅคงๅใงใใใจ่ฉฑใใพใใใ
ๅฑฑๆฌๆฐใฎๅฎถใฅใใใฎๆๆใฏใๆฅๆฌใฎๆจๆใไธญๅฟใงใใๆๆจใฏๅคใใชใฃใฆใๅณใๅบใใใจ่จใใพใใๆ่ฟใฏๆฐ็ด ๆใซใ่ๅณใใใใใใงใใๅญใฉใใฎใใ่ฒใฃใๆใซใฏๆฐ็ฅใฎ็ฅ็คพใใใใใใฎๆจใฎๅปบ็ฉใไปใฎไปไบใฎ้กๆใซใชใฃใใจ่ฉฑใใพใใใใใฎ่ฉฑใฏๅญฆๆ กใฎๆๆใซใไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅๆ, ~ๆฐ, ~ๆ, ๅคฉๆ, ๆฐๅ, ๅคๆใช, ๆ่ฝ, ๆๆ, ๆจๆ, ๆๆจ, ๆฐ็ด ๆ, ๆฐ็ฅ, ้กๆ, ๆๆ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๅปบ็ฏ็ใงๅคฉๆใฎๅผใณๅ้ซใๅฑฑๆฌๆฐใธใฎๅๆใฏใ้ฝๅ ใฎไบๅๆใง่กใใใใ28ๆใงๅฝ้่ณใๅใใๆฐใฏใ่จญ่จใซใจใฉใพใใ็ตต็ปใไฝๆฒใซใ้ใใๅคๆใชไบบ็ฉใจใใฆ็ฅใใใใใใฃใจใๆฌไบบใฏใๆ่ฝใจใใ่จ่ใๅฅฝใพใใใ็ฉใฟ้ใญใ่ฉฆ่ก้ฏ่ชคใฎ็ตๆใซใใใชใใใจ่ฟฐในใใ
ๆฐใฎไฝๅใงใฏใๆๆจใฎ่ณชๆใ็ใใใๆจๆๅปบ็ฏใไธญๅฟใ ใใ่ฟๅนดใฏๆฐ็ด ๆใ็ตใฟๅใใใๅฎ้จ็ใช่ฉฆใฟใๆณจ็ฎใ้ใใใ่จญ่จใฎ้กๆใซใฏใๅนผๅฐๆใ้ใใใๅฑฑๆใฎๆฐ็ฅใฎ็คพใใใฐใใฐ้ธใฐใใไผ็ตฑใจ้ฉๆฐใฎไธก็ซใจใใ่ชฒ้กใไธ่ฒซใใฆใใใ
ๆฐใฎๆๆณใฏๅปบ็ฏๅญฆ็งใฎๆๆใจใใฆใๅผ็จใใใไฝฟ็จใใๆๆใฎ้ธๅฎ้็จใพใง่ฉณ็ดฐใซๅๆใใใฆใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅๆ, ๅคฉๆ, ~ๆฐ, ~ๆ, ๅคๆใช, ๆ่ฝ, ๆๆจ, ๆจๆ, ๆฐ็ด ๆ, ้กๆ, ๆฐ็ฅ, ๆๆ, ๆๆ
๐๏ธ Topic 3: ๆตทๅบใใณใใซ่จ็ปใธใฎๆ่ญฐ
๐ข N3/N2 Version
็บใจๅณถใ็ตใถๆตทๅบใใณใใซใฎ่จ็ปใ็บ่กจใใใพใใใใใณใใซใๅฎๆใใใฐใ้้ใๅณถใฎ้ง ใซๆฅ็ถใใ้ง ใงไนใๆใใๅฟ ่ฆใๅฐใชใใชใใพใใๅคงใใชๅทฅไบใฎ้ใใๆๆฐใฎ่จญๅใงๅฎๅ จใๅฎใใจๅธใฏ่ชฌๆใใพใใใ
ใใใใๆผๅธซใใกใฏ่จ็ปใซๆ่ญฐใใฆใใพใใใๆตทใฎๅบใฏ้ญใฎๅคงๅใชๅ ดๆใงใใใจใไปฃ่กจใฎ็ทๆงใฏ่จใใพใใใๅธใฎๅฝนๆใฎๅใซ้ใพใฃใไบบใใใพใใๅธ้ทใฏใ็ดๆฅ่ฉฑใๅใใใใใจ่จใใๆผๅธซใใกใจ้ขไผใใพใใใ
ๅคงๆตใฎๅ ดๅใๅคงใใชๅทฅไบใซใฏๅๅฏพใใไบบใใใพใใๆตๆใใไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใฎๆ นๅบใซใใ็บใๅฎใใใใจใใๆใใใใใพใใ้ๆฅ็ใซ่ใใ่ฉฑใงใฏใชใใ็ดๆฅไผใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ่ใใใจใๅคงๅใ ใจใๅธ้ทใฏ่ใใฆใใพใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆตทๅบ, ๆฅ็ถ, ไนใๆใใ, ๆๆฐ, ๅบ, ๆ่ญฐ, ็ดๆฅ, ๅคงๆต, ๆตๆ, ๆ นๅบ, ้ๆฅ็ใซ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๅณถใจๆฌๅใ็ตใถๆตทๅบใใณใใซ่จ็ปใใใใใๅฐๅ ใฎๆผๆฅญ้ขไฟ่ ใๆ่ญฐใฎๅฃฐใไธใใฆใใใ่จ็ปใงใฏใๆขๅญใฎ้้็ถฒใซๆฅ็ถใใใใจใงไนใๆใใๆ้ใๆธใใใๅทฅไบไธญใฏๆๆฐ่จญๅใๆดใใฆไฝๆฅญๅกใฎๅฎๅ จใ็ขบไฟใใใจใใใ
ใ ใๆผๆฅญ็ตๅใฏใๆผๅ ดใซๆฅ่ฟใใๆๅไฝๆฅญใฏใๆตทๅบใฎ็ๆ ็ณปใซๅใ่ฟใใฎใคใใชใๅฝฑ้ฟใไธใใใใจไธปๅผตใใใไธ้จใซใฏๆกไพใซๆต่งฆใใๆใใๆๆใใๅฃฐใใใใ่ชๆฒปไฝใฎๅงฟๅขใใใใๅฏพ็ซใฏๆทฑใพใฃใฆใใใ
ๅธ้ทใฏใ้ๆฅ็ใชไผ่ใงใฏใชใใ็ดๆฅๅฏพ่ฉฑใ้ใญใใใใจ่ฟฐในใใๅคงๆตใฎๅคงๅไบๆฅญใซใฏๅ็บใไผดใใใๆตๆใฎๆ นๅบใซใใใฎใฏ็ๆดปใๅฎใใใใจใใๅๅฎใช้กใใงใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆตทๅบ, ๆฅ็ถ, ไนใๆใใ, ๆๆฐ, ๆ่ญฐ, ๆฅ่ฟ, ๆต่งฆ, ้ๆฅ็ใซ, ็ดๆฅ, ๅคงๆต, ๆตๆ, ๆ นๅบ
3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see ๐ Notes.
739 โ ๆ (interchange)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไนใๆใใ | ใฎใใใใ | to transfer (to another train, bus, etc.) |
| ไบคๆ | ใใใใ | to exchange, to replace |
| ๅคๆ | ใธใใใ | to change, to convert |
| ่ปขๆๆ | ใฆใใใใ | a turning point, a transition |
| ๆๆฐ | ใใใ | to ventilate |
| ๆ็ฎ | ใใใใ | to convert (from one currency to another) |
740 โ ๆ (confront)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆตๆ | ใฆใใใ | resist |
| ๅๆ | ใฏใใใ | oppose, disobey |
| ๅๆ็ใช | ใฏใใใใฆใใช | defiant |
| ๆ่ญฐ | ใใใ | protest |
| ๆไบ | ใใใใ | rivalry, war |
| ๆใฌใณๅค | ใใใฌใณใใ | anti-cancer drug |
741 โ ๆ (genius)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ~ๆ | ~ใใ | ~ years old |
| ๅคฉๆ | ใฆใใใ | genius |
| ๆ่ฝ | ใใใฎใ | talent |
| ๅคๆใช | ใใใใช | versatile (person) |
742 โ ๆ (lumber)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆๆ | ใใใใใ | material |
| ๆๆ | ใใใใใ | teaching material |
| ๅๆ | ใใ ใใ | gather material, collect data |
| ้กๆ | ใ ใใใ | theme |
| ๆๆจ | ใใใใ | lumber, timber |
| ๆจๆ | ใใใใ | wood |
| ๆฐ็ด ๆ | ใใใใใ | new materials |
743 โ ่ฒก (property)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฒก็ฃ | ใใใใ | estate, assets, property |
| ่ฒกๆฟ | ใใใใ | finance |
| ่ฒก็ | ใใใใ | business world |
| ่ฒกๅฃ | ใใใ ใ | foundation |
| ใญใใฏใใงใฉใผ่ฒกๅฃ | ใญใใฏใใงใฉใผใใใ ใ | the Rockefeller Foundation |
| ๆๅ่ฒก | ใถใใใใ | cultural asset |
| ่ฒกๅธ | ใใใต | purse, wallet |
| ่ฒกๅ็ | ใใใใใใ | Ministry of Finance Japan |
744 โ ๆฐ (family name)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆฐๅ | ใใใ | name (used for people) |
| ~ๆฐ | ~ใ | Mr. or Ms. ~ |
| ๆฐ็ฅ | ใใใใฟ | guardian god (of a village) |
745 โ ๆฅ (touch)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ดๆฅ | ใกใใใใค | direct |
| ้ๆฅ็ใซ | ใใใใคใฆใใซ | indirectly |
| ้ขๆฅ | ใใใใค | give an interview |
| ๆฅ่ฟ | ใใฃใใ | approach |
| ๆฅ็ถ | ใใคใใ | connect |
| ๆฅๅพ | ใใฃใใ | entertain (usually for a business client) |
| ๆฅใ | ใคใ | connect |
746 โ ่ (amass)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅ่ | ใณใกใ | store or save or reserve (something for an emergency) |
| ่็ฉ | ใกใใใ | accumulate |
| ่ใใ | ใใใใใ | to store, to save, to reserve |
747 โ ่ฒฏ (savings)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฒฏ้ | ใกใใใ | savings, deposit; save money |
| ่ฒฏๆฐดๆฑ | ใกใใใใก | reservoir |
| ่ฒฏ่ต | ใกใใใ | store |
| ่ฒฏ่ | ใกใใกใ | savings; save money |
748 โ ๅบ (bottom)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆตทๅบ | ใใใฆใ | bottom of the sea |
| ๆ นๅบ | ใใใฆใ | bottom (in an abstract sense) |
| ๅบ | ใใ | bottom |
| ๅบๅค | ใใใญ | bottom price |
749 โ ๆต (resist)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅคงๆต | ใใใฆใ | usually |
| ๆตๅฝ | ใฆใใจใ | mortgage |
| ๆต่งฆ | ใฆใใใใ | conflict (with the law) |
| ๆตๆ | ใฆใใใ | resist |
4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
Each subsection is a table for quick scanning. Column headers below are load-bearing โ match this shape when authoring so all chapters read alike.
A. Semantic Grouping
| Group | Kanji | Key Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Hand actions: exchange, resist, touch | ๆ, ๆ, ๆฅ, ๆต | ไนใๆใใ, ไบคๆ, ๅคๆ, ่ปขๆๆ, ๆๆฐ, ๆ็ฎ, ๆตๆ, ๅๆ, ๅๆ็ใช, ๆ่ญฐ, ๆไบ, ๆใฌใณๅค, ๅคงๆต, ๆตๅฝ, ๆต่งฆ, ็ดๆฅ, ้ๆฅ็ใซ, ้ขๆฅ, ๆฅ่ฟ, ๆฅ็ถ, ๆฅๅพ , ๆฅใ |
| Talent & materials | ๆ, ๆ | ~ๆ, ๅคฉๆ, ๆ่ฝ, ๅคๆใช, ๆๆ, ๆๆ, ๅๆ, ้กๆ, ๆๆจ, ๆจๆ, ๆฐ็ด ๆ |
| Wealth, saving & storing | ่ฒก, ่ฒฏ, ่ | ่ฒก็ฃ, ่ฒกๆฟ, ่ฒก็, ่ฒกๅฃ, ๆๅ่ฒก, ่ฒกๅธ, ่ฒกๅ็, ่ฒฏ้, ่ฒฏ่, ่ฒฏ่ต, ่ฒฏๆฐดๆฑ , ๅ่, ่็ฉ, ่ใใ |
| Names & lineage | ๆฐ | ๆฐๅ, ~ๆฐ, ๆฐ็ฅ |
| Bottoms | ๅบ | ๆตทๅบ, ๆ นๅบ, ๅบ, ๅบๅค |
B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation
| Reading | Kanji | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใซใณ | ๆ | exchange, swap | ๆๆฐ |
| ใณใฆ | ๆ | resist, confront | ๆ่ญฐ |
| ใตใค | ๆ | talent; age | ๆ่ฝ |
| ใถใค | ๆ | material, timber | ๆๆ |
| ใถใค | ่ฒก | wealth, property | ่ฒก็ฃ |
| ใท | ๆฐ | family name, Mr/Ms | ๆฐๅ |
| ใปใ | ๆฅ | touch, join | ๆฅ็ถ |
| ใใฏ | ่ | amass, store up | ่็ฉ |
| ใใง | ่ฒฏ | save, store | ่ฒฏ้ |
| ใใค | ๅบ | bottom | ๆตทๅบ |
| ใใค | ๆต | resist, press against | ๆตๅฝ |
ใถใค (ๆ/่ฒก) and ใใค (ๅบ/ๆต) are the two shared readings โ each pair also shares a sound component (ๆ and ๆฐ), so one reading is learned twice. ่ฒกๅธ (ใใใต) uses the rarer ใตใค, like ๆ.
C. Kun'yomi Verbs
| Verb | Reading | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ไนใๆใใ | ใฎใใใใ | transfer (trains, buses) | ๆฌกใฎ้ง ใง้ป่ปใไนใๆใใ |
| ่ใใ | ใใใใใ | store up, save, reserve | ้ฃๆใๅฐใใใค่ใใ |
| ๆฅใ | ใคใ | join, graft (idiom: ๆจใซ็ซนใๆฅใ) | ๆจใซ็ซนใๆฅใใใใช่ฉฑ |
ๆจใซ็ซนใๆฅใ ("graft bamboo onto a tree") is the idiom for joining things that don't belong together. Same ใคใ as ็ถใ (inherit) and ๆฌกใ (rank next) โ the kanji, not the kana, tells you which.
D. ๐ Lesson-Specific
Pick ONE format for this section based on what the lesson needs: compound-verb family (single kanji spawns many compound verbs โ table shape
\| Compound \| Reading \| Meaning \| Notes \|), homophone deep dive (2+ same-reading kanji โ table\| Compound \| Reading \| Meaning \| Distinguishing cue \|), shared-radical cluster (3+ kanji share a radical with unrelated meanings โ table\| Kanji \| Radical role \| Meaning source \|+ one-line takeaway), or transitive/intransitive pairs (bulleted with example sentences).
Shared-radical cluster: ๆ (hand) โ ๆ, ๆ, ๆฅ, ๆต (and the impostor ๆ)
| Kanji | Radical role (ๆ) | Meaning source |
|---|---|---|
| ๆ | hand swapping one thing for another | ๅฅ (phonetic ใซใณ); radical supplies "done by hand" |
| ๆ | hand pushing back against something | ไบข (phonetic ใณใฆ) |
| ๆฅ | hand touching or joining two things | ๅฆพ (phonetic); radical supplies "contact" |
| ๆต | hand pressing against a base | ๆฐ (phonetic ใใค, "base") |
| ๆ | โ not a hand kanji โ filed under ๆ purely by shape | itself a pictograph (sprout/talent) and the sound of ๆ, ่ฒก |
Takeaway: here ๆ is a genuinely useful semantic clue โ all four verbs involve a hand acting on something (exchange, resist, touch, press) โ but it never tells you the reading, and ๆ shows that a dictionary radical is only a filing label (radical โ semantic component).
E. Watch Out! โ ๏ธ
| Item | Trap | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| ๆฐ vs ๅบ / ๆต | Reading ๆฐ (ใท) as the sound component in ๅบ and ๆต | The component is ๆฐ (ๆฐ plus an extra stroke below), read ใใค. Don't carry ใท into ๅบ/ๆต โ or ใใค into ๆฐ. |
| ่ฒกๅธ (ใใใต) | Reading ใใใต | ใใใต โ ่ฒก takes the rarer ใตใค here (like ๆ). |
| ๅคงๆต (ใใใฆใ) | ใ ใใฆใ / ใใใฆใ | ใใใฆใ โ an irregular fixed reading; ๆต stays ใใค. |
| ๅบๅค (ใใใญ) vs ๆตทๅบ (ใใใฆใ) | One reading for ๅบ everywhere | Standalone / with native words โ ใใ (ๅบ, ๅบๅค); in Sino-Japanese compounds โ ใใค (ๆตทๅบ, ๆ นๅบ). |
| ๆต่งฆ (ใฆใใใใ) | ใฆใใใใ vs ใฆใใใ | ใฆใใใใ โ ่งฆ reads ใทใงใฏ here; this is the legal "conflict with a law". |
| ่ vs ็ | Treating ่็ฉ and ็็ฃ as the same kanji | ่ has ่น on top (store up); ็ does not (livestock). Same ใใฏ, different meaning. |
| ๆ vs ๆญณ | Using ๆ for formal "years old" | Both read ใใ. ๆ is the common informal form (28ๆ); ๆญณ is the formal one (ch. 49). |
| ๆฅใ vs ็ถใ vs ๆฌกใ | Same ใคใ, three kanji | ๆฅใ = join/graft; ็ถใ = inherit, succeed; ๆฌกใ = rank next. |
5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
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ใใชใใฎ่ฒฏ้ใ่ฒฏ่ใฎ็ฟๆ ฃใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ่ฒกๅธใฎไธญ่บซใใฉใ็ฎก็ใใฆใใพใใใ็ฝๅฎณใซๅใใๅ่ใฏใใใพใใใ(Use: ่ฒฏ้, ่ฒฏ่, ่ฒกๅธ, ๅ่)
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ใใชใใใๅคฉๆใ ใใจๆใไบบใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๆ่ฝใจๅชๅใงใฏใใฉใกใใๅคงๅใ ใจๆใใพใใใ(Use: ๅคฉๆ, ๆ่ฝ, ๅคๆใช, ๅๆ)
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ๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆฅใไปไบใฎๆฅๅพ ใฎ็ต้จใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ็ดๆฅไผใฃใฆ่ฉฑใใใจใจใ้ๆฅ็ใซ่ใใใจใฎ้ใใฏไฝใงใใใใใ(Use: ้ขๆฅ, ๆฅๅพ , ็ดๆฅ, ้ๆฅ็ใซ)
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ไฝใใซๆ่ญฐใใใใๅผทใๆตๆใใใใใ็ต้จใฏใใใพใใใใใฎๆฐๆใกใฎๆ นๅบใซใฏไฝใใใใพใใใใ(Use: ๆ่ญฐ, ๆตๆ, ๅๆ, ๆ นๅบ)
6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.
| # | Word | Your Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ่ฒกๅธ | |
| 2 | ๆฐ็ฅ | |
| 3 | ๅบๅค | |
| 4 | ๅคงๆต | |
| 5 | ๆต่งฆ | |
| 6 | ๆ็ฎ | |
| 7 | ๅ่ | |
| 8 | ๆ่ฝ | |
| 9 | ้ขๆฅ | |
| 10 | ๅๆ็ใช | |
| 11 | ่ฒฏๆฐดๆฑ | |
| 12 | ไนใๆใใ |
Answers
- ใใใต
- ใใใใฟ
- ใใใญ
- ใใใฆใ
- ใฆใใใใ
- ใใใใ
- ใณใกใ
- ใใใฎใ
- ใใใใค
- ใฏใใใใฆใใช
- ใกใใใใก
- ใฎใใใใ
After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 53 to auto-fill the Answers block.
๐ Notes
Chapter 53: Revised Edition vocabulary additions (deck cross-check).
๐ญ Raw file issues (corrected silently in this workbook):
- gloss typo: 'bottom piece' โ 'bottom price'; also ๆตๆ appears twice in raw (deduped)
Supplemented entries (not in the raw file but essential vocabulary):
- ่ โ Revised Edition additions for ่
- ๆ โ Revised Edition additions for ๆ
- ่ฒก โ Revised Edition additions for ่ฒก
References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 53, Kanji 739โ749) ยท Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (
http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_053.txt)