KIC Lesson 22 Workbook
Table of Contents
- # 1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
- # 1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
- # 2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
- # 3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
- # 4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
- # 5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
- # 6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
- # ๐ Notes
Focus: Government and the examined self โ ministers and ministries built from ้ฆ, ็ธ, ็, ๅ; talk and thought carried by ่ซ and ๆณ; ้ and ้ marking difference and opposition; ่บซ and ๆด keeping body and affairs in order. Range: Characters 385โ394 โ ้, ้, ้ฆ, ็, ่บซ, ๆด, ๆณ, ็ธ, ่ซ, ๅ Companion: Kanji Reference โ radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order
This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 22. It includes:
- โ Readings and meanings reference table
- โ Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
- โ Contextual reading practice articles (ร3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
- โ Complete vocabulary list
- โ Targeted study aids and tips
- โ Quick self-test with answers
1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
| No. | Kanji | Meaning | On'yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) | Kun'yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 385 | ้ | difference, differ | ใค | ใกใ.ใ, ใกใ.ใ, ใกใ.ใใ, -ใกใ.ใใ, ใใ.ใ, ใใ.ใใ |
| 386 | ้ | inverted, reverse, opposite | ใฎใฃใฏ, ใฒใญ | ใใ, ใใ.ใ, ใใ.ใใ |
| 387 | ้ฆ | neck, counter for songs and poems | ใทใฅ | ใใณ |
| 388 | ็ | government ministry, conserve, omit | ใปใค, ใทใงใฆ | ใใใ.ใฟใ, ใฏใถ.ใ |
| 389 | ่บซ | somebody, person, one's station in life | ใทใณ | ใฟ |
| 390 | ๆด | organize, arranging, tune | ใปใค | ใจใจใฎ.ใใ, ใจใจใฎ.ใ |
| 391 | ๆณ | idea, thought, conception | ใฝใฆ, ใฝ | ใใ.ใ |
| 392 | ็ธ | inter-, mutual, together | ใฝใฆ, ใทใงใฆ | ใใ- |
| 393 | ่ซ | discuss, talk | ใใณ | (ใชใ) |
| 394 | ๅ | task, duties | ใ | ใคใจ.ใใ |
1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?
For full structural analysis โ radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order โ see the Kanji Reference companion file.
Phonetic Series Summary
| Sound Component | Reading | In This Lesson | Other Common Kanji |
|---|---|---|---|
| ้ (tanned leather / go around) | ใค | ้ | ๅ (great โ ใค), ็ทฏ (latitude โ ใค), ่ก* (guard โ ใจใค) โ a tight, reliable series |
| ็ธ (mutual, aspect) | ใฝใฆ | ๆณ | ็ธ itself is No. 392 in this lesson โ a rare in-lesson phonetic pair (ๆณ = ็ธ + ๅฟ). Also ็ฎฑ (box โ ใฏใ, with ็ธ as the historical sound) and ้ (frost โ ใฝใฆ). |
| ๆญฃ (correct) | ใปใค | ๆด | ๆฟ (politics โ ใปใค, same ๆญฃ+ๆต build), ๅพ (conquer โ ใปใค), ็* (symptom โ ใทใงใฆ) |
| ็ (spear) | ใ | ๅ | ้ง (fog โ ใ ); ็ itself reads ใ (็็พ ใใใ ใ) |
| ็ (flame) | ใฟใณ/ใใณ | ่ซ* | ๆทก (pale โ ใฟใณ), ็ฐ (phlegm โ ใฟใณ); ็ itself reads ใจใณ โ the derived series drifted to ใฟใณ/ใใณ |
๐ก Lesson highlight: This is the government lesson โ ministers (้ฆ็ธ, ๅค็ธ, ๆ็ธ) and ministries (ๆ้จ็, ๅคๅ็, ๅฝๅ็) put four kanji (้ฆ, ็ธ, ็, ๅ) on permanent political duty, with ่ซ joining in via ไผ่ซ/่ซ่ฉฑ. In-lesson compound pairing is exceptional: ้ฆ็ธ, ็ธ่ซ, ็ธ้็น, and ๅคๅ็ each combine two lesson kanji, and ๆณ is literally lesson-mate ็ธ with ๅฟ underneath โ the lesson contains its own phonetic series. Trap: ็ธ and ็ each carry two on'yomi (ใฝใฆ/ใทใงใฆ and ใปใค/ใทใงใฆ), and both read ใทใงใฆ precisely in the government words โ see Study Aid 4D.
2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
Each topic has two versions: ๐ข N3/N2 Level โ simpler structures, ใงใ/ใพใ register, core compounds. ๐ด Advanced Level โ natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (้ ้ ้ฆ ็ ่บซ ๆด ๆณ ็ธ ่ซ ๅ) appear unglossed throughout โ read them actively.
๐๏ธ Topic 1: ้ฆ็ธใฎไผ่ซใจ็ๅบ โ The Prime Minister's Talks and the Ministries
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆจๆฅใ้ฆ็ธใฏใขใกใชใซใฎๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆใจไผ่ซใ่กใใพใใใไผ่ซใฎใใจใงใ้ฆ็ธใฏ่จ่ ใใกใซ่ซ่ฉฑใ็บ่กจใใพใใใๅค็ธใๅๅธญใใฆใไธกๅฝใฎๅๅใซใคใใฆ่ฉฑใใพใใใไผ่ญฐใฎๅธไผใฏใๅคๅ็ใฎๅ ฌๅๅกใๅใใพใใใไบๅๅฎคใงใฏใไบๅๅกใใกใๅค้ ใใพใงๆบๅใฎไปไบใใใฆใใพใใใ
ๅฝๅ ใงใฏใๆฐใใๆณๅพใๅ้กใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใๅฐ้ๅฎถใฏใใใฎๆณๅพใฏๆฒๆณใซ้ๅใใฆใใฆใ้ๆฒใฎๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใๆ้จ็ใฎๆ ๅฝ่ ใใๆ่ฒใซ้ขไฟใใ้จๅใซใคใใฆ่ชฌๆใใพใใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
้ฆ็ธใฏๆจๆฅใใขใกใชใซใฎๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆใจใฎ้ฆ่ณไผ่ซใซ่จใใ ใไผ่ซๅพใซ็บ่กจใใใๅ ฑๅ่ซ่ฉฑใซใใใฐใไธกๅฝใฏๅคๅ็ใจใขใกใชใซใฎๅฝๅ็ใจใฎ้ใงไบๅใฌใใซใฎๅ่ญฐใ็ถ็ถใใใใจใงๅๆใใใๅค็ธใฏ่จ่ ๅฃใซๅฏพใใใ็ธ้็นใฏๆฎใใใฎใฎใๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎๆ ็ตใฟใฏๆดใฃใใใจ่ฟฐในใ้ทๅนดๅคไบคๅฎใๅใใฆใใไบๅๆฌกๅฎใๅๆใ้ซใ่ฉไพกใใใ
ไธๆนใๅฝๅ ใงใฏๆฐใใๆณๅพใใใใ่ญฐ่ซใ็ถใใฆใใใ้ๅ ใฏใๆฌๆณใฏๆฒๆณใซ้ๅใใฆใใใ้ๆฒใงใใใฐใใใใ้ๆณใช้็จใๆใๆใใใใใใจๆนๅคใๅผทใใใๆ่ฒใซ้ขใใๆก้ ใซใคใใฆใฏใๆ็ธใๆ้จ็ใฎ่ฆ่งฃใๅฝไผใง่ชฌๆใใใใไธ้ๅ ใฎไธปๅผตใฎ้ใใใฏๅใพใฃใฆใใชใใ
Key Vocabulary Used:
้ฆ็ธ (prime minister), ๅค็ธ (foreign minister), ๆ็ธ (minister of education), ๅฝๅฎถๅ
้ฆ (head of state), ไผ่ซ (conference), ่ซ่ฉฑ (statement, talk), ๅคๅ็ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), ๅฝๅ็ (State Department), ๆ้จ็ (Ministry of Education), ๅ
ฌๅๅก (public servant), ไบๅ (clerical work), ไบๅๅฎค (administration office), ไบๅๅก (office clerk), ๅใใ (serve as), ้ๅ (violate), ้ๆฒ (unconstitutional), ้ๆณ (illegal), ็ธ้็น (difference)
๐๏ธ Topic 2: ๅ่บซ่ตดไปปใจๅฟ่บซใฎๅฅๅบท โ Working Away from Home, Mind and Body
๐ข N3/N2 Version
็ถใฏไปๅนดใใๅ่บซ่ตดไปปใงใๅคง้ชใซไฝใใงใใพใใๅบ่บซใฏๆฑไบฌใชใฎใงใ้ข่ฅฟใงใฎ็ๆดปใฏๅใใฆใงใใๅคง้ชใจๆฑไบฌใงใฏใ่จ่ใ็ฟๆ ฃใ้ใใพใใๆๅใฎใใใฏ้ป่ปใ้้ใใฆใ้ใฎๆนๅใซไนใฃใฆใใพใใใจใใใใพใใใ้้ใใซๆฐใฅใใฆ้ใใใใ็ฅใใชใ้ง ใ ใฃใใใใงใใใงใไปใฏใ่ฟๆใฎๅบใฎไบบใจใไปฒ่ฏใใชใใพใใใใใฎๅบใฎไบบใฏๆๆณใใใใฆใ็ถใฏใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใฎ็ธ่ซใใใใใใงใใ
็ถใฏๅฟ่บซใฎๅฅๅบทใฎใใใซใๆฏๆ้ๅใใใฆใใพใใๅ ้ฑใฏ่ปขใใงๆ้ฆใจ้ฆใๅฐใ็ใใพใใใใๅคงใใชใใใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใใไธไบบใฎ็ๆดปใงใฏ็ใจใใซใฎใผใๅคงๅใงใใ้ปๆฐใใคใใใพใพใซใใใใจใๅ็ใใฆใไปใฏไฝฟใใชใ้จๅฑใฎ้ปๆฐใๅฟ ใๆถใใฆใใพใใ้ฑๆซใซใฏ็ธๅคใใใใๅฎถๆใซ้ป่ฉฑใใใใฆใใพใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
็ง่ช่บซใๅๅไปฃใฎๅใใซไธๅนด้ใฎๅ่บซ่ตดไปปใ็ต้จใใไธไบบใงใใใๅบ่บซๅฐใฎๆฑไบฌใ้ขใใๅฝๅใฏใๆ ฃใใชใ่ทฏ็ทใง้ป่ปใซ้้ใฃใฆไนใใ้ใฎๆนๅใธ้ใฐใใใใจใๅบฆใ ใใฃใใ้้ใใ้ใญใใใณใซ่ชๅใฎไธๆณจๆใ็ใฟใๆฅใ ใงใใใๅผใฃ่ถใใฎ่ท็ฉใฎไธญ่บซใๆด็ใใๆฐๅใใๆนงใใชใๅคใใใฃใใ
ๅคใๅ ใงใฏใ่บซๅใๅฝน่ทใฎ้ใใๅใใ่ชฐใใๅฏพ็ญใซ่ฉฑใใ้ฐๅฒๆฐใใใใ็ธ่ซใฎ็ธๆใซใๆตใพใใใไบๅๅกใฎๆนใ ใฎๆๆณใฎใใๅฟๅฏพใซๆใใใใใจใใไธๅบฆใไบๅบฆใงใฏใชใใใใใงใๅฟ่บซใฎ็ฒๅดใฏ็ขบๅฎใซ่็ฉใใใใใๅฌใฎๆใๅใฃใ่ทฏ้ขใง่ปขๅใใฆๆ้ฆใ็ใใๅ จ่บซใๅผทใใซๆใฃใใๅฎถๆใจ้ขใใฆๆฎใใไปฃๅใใ่บซใใใฃใฆ็ฅใฃใๅบๆฅไบใงใใใไปฅๆฅใ้ฑๆซใใจใซๅฎถๆใจ้ป่ฉฑใง็ธ่ซใใ็ฟๆ ฃใฏใ็ธๅคใใใ็ถใใฆใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used:
ๅ่บซ่ตดไปป (working away from one's family), ๅบ่บซ (place of origin), ่ช่บซ (oneself), ๅฟ่บซ (mind and body), ๅ
จ่บซ (whole body), ่บซๅ (social standing), ไธญ่บซ (contents), ้ฆ (neck), ๆ้ฆ (wrist), ้ใ (be different), ้ใ (difference), ้้ใใ (make a mistake), ้้ใ (mistake), ้้ใฃใฆ (erroneously), ้ใฎ (reverse), ็ธ่ซ (consult), ็ธๆ (partner), ็ธๅคใใใ (as usual), ๆๆณ (amiability), ๅ็ (reflect on one's conduct), ็ใฟใ (reflect upon), ็ใจใใซใฎใผ (energy conservation), ๆด็ (arrange), ไบๅๅก (office clerk)
๐๏ธ Topic 3: ็ๆณใฎๅญฆใณๆน โ ็บๆณใจๆด็ โ The Ideal Way to Learn: Ideas and Order
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆผขๅญใฎๅๅผทใซใฏใใใใใใชๆนๆณใใใใพใใ็งใฎ็ๆณใฎๆนๆณใฏใ้จ้ฆใงๆผขๅญใๆด็ใใใใจใงใใๅใ้จ้ฆใฎๆผขๅญใ้ใใใจใๆๅณใฎใคใชใใใ้ฃๆณใใใใใชใใพใใ็ฅใใชใๆผขๅญใๅบใฆใใฆใใ้จ้ฆใใๆๅณใไบๆณใงใใพใใ
ๆบใฎไธใๆดใใใใจใๅคงๅใงใใใใผใใๆด็ถใจไธฆในใใจใ้ ญใฎไธญใๆด็ใใใๆฐใใใพใใๆฐๅญฆใฎๅฎฟ้กใงใฏใๆดๆฐใฎ่จ็ฎใ้้ใใชใใใใซใ้ไธญใฎๅผใ็็ฅใใชใใงๆธใใพใใๆใ ใๅๅผทใๅฟใใฆ็ฉบๆณใฎไธ็ใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใพใใใ่ช็ฑใซๆณๅใใใใจใๅๅผทใซใฏๅคงๅใ ใจๆใใพใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๅ ๆใใใ้่ชใงไบไบบใฎๆๆณๅฎถใฎๅฏพ่ซใ่ชญใใ ใไธไบบใฏๅคงๅญฆใ้ฆๅธญใงๅๆฅญใใๅฒๅญฆ่ ใใใไธไบบใฏๅธธ่ญใซ้ใใ็บๆณใง็ฅใใใ็งๅญฆ่ ใงใใใ
ๅฏพ่ซใฎไธญใงๅฒๅญฆ่ ใฏใใไธ่ฆใ้่ชฌใซใใ่ฆใใชใ่ใใซใใใๆฐใใ็บๆณใฎ็จฎใใใใใจ่ชใใ่ฅใ้ ใฎๅๆณใจใใฆใๆจฉๅจใธใฎๅ้ใๆใใใซ่ชใใฎๆๆณใ็ฏใใๆฅใ ใๆฏใ่ฟใฃใใ็งๅญฆ่ ใฏใๅธธ่ญใ้ใใซใใฆ็บใใใใจใไฝ่จใชๅๆใ็ใใใจใใใ็ๆณใฎ็ ็ฉถใฎๅงฟๅขใ ใใจๅฟใใใไบไบบใฎๆ่ฆใฏ็ดฐ้จใฎ้ใใใใใใๆ นๆฌใงใฏ้ฉใใปใฉไธ่ดใใฆใใใไบใใฎไธปๅผตใๅฐใใใค่ชฟๆดใใชใใๅฏพ่ฉฑใๆทฑใใฆใใไบไบบใฎๅงฟใซใ็งใฏๅฏพ่ซใจใใใใฎใฎ็ๆณใฎๅฝขใ่ฆใๆฐใใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used:
็ๆณ (ideal), ๆณๅ (imagine), ็ฉบๆณ (fantasy), ๆๆณ (thought, ideology), ้ฃๆณ (association of ideas), ็บๆณ (conception, idea), ๅๆณ (recollection), ไบๆณ (foresee), ้จ้ฆ (radical), ้ฆๅธญ (top of the class), ๆด็ (arrange), ๆดใใ (put in order), ๆด็ถใจ (in an orderly fashion), ๆดๆฐ (integer), ่ชฟๆด (adjust), ็็ฅ (omit), ็ใ (omit, save), ้่ชฌ (paradox), ้ใใ (go against), ้ใ (upside-down), ๅ้ (rebellion), ๅฏพ่ซ (face-to-face talk), ้ใ (difference), ้้ใใ (make a mistake)
3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see ๐ Notes.
385 โ ้ (difference)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้้ใ | ใพใกใใ | mistake, error, accident, mishap |
| ้้ใฃใฆ | ใพใกใใฃใฆ | erroneously |
| ้้ใใ | ใพใกใใใ | make a mistake |
| ้ใ | ใกใใ | be different, be wrong |
| ้ใ | ใกใใ | difference |
| ้ๅ | ใใฏใ | violate (a law, treaty, etc.) |
| ้ๆณ | ใใปใ | illegal |
| ้ๆฒ | ใใใ | unconstitutional |
| ็ธ้็น | ใใใใฆใ | difference |
386 โ ้ (inverted)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้ใฎ | ใใใใฎ | reverse |
| ้่ชฌ | ใใใใใค | paradox |
| ๅ้ | ใฏใใใใ | rebel |
| ้ใใ | ใใใใ | oppose, go against |
| ้ใ | ใใใ | upside-down, inverted |
387 โ ้ฆ (neck)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้ฆ็ธ | ใใ ใใใ | prime minister |
| ้ฆ | ใใณ | neck, head |
| ๆ้ฆ | ใฆใใณ | wrist |
| ้ฆๅธญ | ใใ ใใ | top or first in the class |
| ๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆ | ใใฃใใใใใ | sovereign of a nation, head of state |
| ้จ้ฆ | ใถใใ | radical of a Chinese character |
388 โ ็ (government ministry)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆ้จ็ | ใใใถใใใ | the Ministry of Education |
| ็ใจใใซใฎใผ | ใใใใจใใซใฎใผ | energy conservation |
| ๅ็ | ใฏใใใ | reflect upon, examine one's conscience |
| ็็ฅ | ใใใใใใ | omit |
| ็ใ | ใฏใถใ | save (time, effort, etc.) |
| ็ใฟใ | ใใใใฟใ | reflect upon |
| ๆ้จ็งๅญฆ็ | ใใใถใใใใใใ | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), MEXT |
389 โ ่บซ (somebody)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅบ่บซ | ใใ ใฃใใ | (be) from, place of origin |
| ่ช่บซ | ใใใ | (one's) self |
| ๅฟ่บซ | ใใใใ | mind and body |
| ๅ จ่บซ | ใใใใ | whole body |
| ๅ่บซ่ตดไปป | ใใใใใตใซใ | take up a post in a distant place, leaving one's family behind |
| ่บซๅ | ใฟใถใ | one's social standing |
| ไธญ่บซ | ใชใใฟ | contents |
390 โ ๆด (organize)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆด็ | ใใใ | arrange |
| ่ชฟๆด | ใกใใใใ | adjust |
| ๆด็ถใจ | ใใใใใจ | in an orderly fashion |
| ๆดๆฐ | ใใใใ | integer, integral number |
| ๆดใใ | ใจใจใฎใใ | arrange |
391 โ ๆณ (idea)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆณๅ | ใใใใ | imagine; imagination |
| ็ๆณ | ใใใ | ideal |
| ๆๆณ | ใใใ | idea, thought |
| ้ฃๆณ | ใใใใ | be reminded of; association (of ideas) |
| ็บๆณ | ใฏใฃใใ | idea, conception |
| ็ฉบๆณ | ใใใใ | fantasy, daydream |
| ๅๆณ | ใใใใ | look back on, recollect |
| ไบๆณ | ใใใ | foresee |
| ๆๆณ | ใใใ | amiability |
392 โ ็ธ (inter-)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ธ่ซ | ใใใ ใ | consult, talk over |
| ๅค็ธ | ใใใใใ | foreign minister |
| ๆ็ธ | ใถใใใใ | minister of education |
| ็ธๆ | ใใใฆ | the other party, partner, opponent |
| ็ธๅคใใใ | ใใใใใใ | as usual, as ever, as before |
| ๆ็ง็ธ | ใใใใใใ | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), MEXT (abbr.) |
393 โ ่ซ (discuss)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไผ่ซ | ใใใ ใ | conference, talk; talk together, have a conference |
| ่ซ่ฉฑ | ใ ใใ | conversation, talk; talk, chat |
| ๅฏพ่ซ | ใใใ ใ | face-to-face talk, conversation; have a conversation |
394 โ ๅ (task)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไบๅ | ใใ | clerical work |
| ไบๅๅฎค | ใใใใค | administration office |
| ไบๅๅก | ใใใใ | office clerk |
| ๅคๅ็ | ใใใใใใ | the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| ๅฝๅ็ | ใใใใใใ | the State Department (of the US Government) |
| ๅ ฌๅๅก | ใใใใใ | public official, public servant |
| ๅใใ | ใคใจใใ | work, serve |
| ๅใพใ | ใคใจใพใ | to befit, to be qualified (for) |
4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
Each subsection is a table for quick scanning. Column headers below are load-bearing โ match this shape when authoring so all chapters read alike.
A. Semantic Grouping
| Group | Kanji | Key Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Government, ministers & duty | ้ฆ, ็ธ, ็, ๅ | ้ฆ็ธ, ๅค็ธ, ๆ็ธ, ๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆ, ๆ้จ็, ๅคๅ็, ๅฝๅ็, ๅ ฌๅๅก, ไบๅ, ไบๅๅฎค, ไบๅๅก, ๅใใ |
| Talk & consultation | ่ซ, ็ธ | ็ธ่ซ, ไผ่ซ, ๅฏพ่ซ, ่ซ่ฉฑ, ็ธๆ |
| Thought & reflection | ๆณ, ็ | ๆณๅ, ็ๆณ, ๆๆณ, ้ฃๆณ, ็บๆณ, ็ฉบๆณ, ๅๆณ, ไบๆณ, ๅ็, ็ใฟใ |
| Difference, error & opposition | ้, ้ | ้ใ, ้ใ, ้้ใ, ้้ใใ, ้ๅ, ้ๆณ, ้ๆฒ, ็ธ้็น, ้ใฎ, ้่ชฌ, ๅ้, ้ใใ, ้ใ |
| Body, self & order | ่บซ, ๆด | ๅบ่บซ, ่ช่บซ, ๅฟ่บซ, ๅ จ่บซ, ๅ่บซ่ตดไปป, ่บซๅ, ไธญ่บซ, ๆด็, ่ชฟๆด, ๆดใใ, ๆด็ถใจ |
B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation
| Reading | Kanji | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใฝใฆ | ็ธ | mutual, aspect | ็ธ่ซ |
| ใฝใฆ | ๆณ | thought, image | ๆณๅ |
| ใทใงใฆ | ็ธ | minister (person) | ้ฆ็ธ |
| ใทใงใฆ | ็ | ministry / omit | ็็ฅ |
| ใปใค | ็ | self-examination | ๅ็ |
| ใปใค | ๆด | put in order | ๆด็ |
| ใทใณ | ่บซ | body, self | ๅบ่บซ |
| ใค | ้ | differ, violate | ้ๅ |
| ใใณ | ่ซ | talk | ไผ่ซ |
| ใ | ๅ | duty | ไบๅ |
Watch: ็ธ and ๆณ share ใฝใฆ because ็ธ is ๆณ's sound component (ๆณ = ็ธ + ๅฟ). ็ธ and ็ each have TWO on'yomi, and both read ใทใงใฆ in government words โ see 4D. ๅฟ่บซ (ใใใใ) doubles the ใทใณ reading with the long-familiar ๅฟ.
C. Kun'yomi Verbs
| Verb | Reading | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ้ใ | ใกใใ | be different, be wrong | ็ญใใ้ใ |
| ้้ใใ | ใพใกใใใ | make a mistake (trans) | ้ใ้้ใใ |
| ้ใใ | ใใใใ | oppose, go against | ่ฆชใซ้ใใ |
| ็ใ | ใฏใถใ | omit, save (time, effort) | ่ชฌๆใ็ใ |
| ็ใฟใ | ใใใใฟใ | reflect upon (one's conduct) | ่ชๅใฎ่กใใ็ใฟใ |
| ๆดใใ | ใจใจใฎใใ | put in order, arrange (trans) | ๆ่ฃ ใๆดใใ |
| ๆดใ | ใจใจใฎใ | be in order, be ready (intrans) | ๆบๅใๆดใ |
| ๅใใ | ใคใจใใ | serve (in a role) | ๅธไผใๅใใ |
Standalone kun nouns: ้ฆ (ใใณ, neck), ๆ้ฆ (ใฆใใณ, wrist), ไธญ่บซ (ใชใใฟ, contents), ็ธๆ (ใใใฆ, partner), ้ใ (ใใใ, upside-down), ้ใ (ใกใใ, difference), ้้ใ (ใพใกใใ, mistake). ็ is the lesson's double-kun kanji: ็ใ (omit) vs ็ใฟใ (reflect) โ same character, unrelated actions.
D. ๐ Homophone Deep Dive: ~็ธ vs ~็ โ Ministers vs Ministries (both ใทใงใฆ)
| Compound | Reading | Meaning | Distinguishing cue |
|---|---|---|---|
| ้ฆ็ธ | ใใ ใใใ | prime minister | ็ธ = the person (minister). Literally "head minister." |
| ๅค็ธ | ใใใใใ | foreign minister | Person โ abbreviation of ๅคๅๅคง่ฃ |
| ๆ็ธ | ใถใใใใ | minister of education | Person โ abbreviation of ๆ้จๅคง่ฃ |
| ๅคๅ็ | ใใใใใใ | Ministry of Foreign Affairs | ็ = the organization the ๅค็ธ heads |
| ๆ้จ็ | ใใใถใใใ | Ministry of Education | Organization โ note ๆ reads ใใ here, not ใถใ |
| ๅฝๅ็ | ใใใใใใ | U.S. State Department | Organization โ foreign government departments also get ็ |
Takeaway: In government vocabulary both ็ธ and ็ read ใทใงใฆ, but they never overlap in role: ็ธ names the minister (person), ็ names the ministry (organization) โ the ๅค็ธ runs the ๅคๅ็. Outside politics they part ways: ็ธ reads ใฝใฆ (็ธ่ซ, ็ธ้็น), ็ reads ใปใค (ๅ็) or ใทใงใฆ (็็ฅ).
E. Watch Out! โ ๏ธ
| Item | Trap | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| ็ธ (ใฝใฆ vs ใทใงใฆ) | Picking the wrong on'yomi | ใฝใฆ for mutual senses (็ธ่ซ, ็ธ้็น); ใทใงใฆ only as "minister" (้ฆ็ธ, ๅค็ธ, ๆ็ธ). |
| ็ (ใปใค vs ใทใงใฆ) | Picking the wrong on'yomi | ใปใค = self-examination (ๅ็); ใทใงใฆ = ministry and omission (ๆ้จ็, ็็ฅ, ็ใจใใซใฎใผ). |
| ๆๆณ (ใใใ) | Reading as ใใใใ | ใใใ โ the only regular appearance of ๆณ's minor on'yomi ใฝ. |
| ๆ้จ็ (ใใใถใใใ) | Reading as ใถใใถใใใ | ใใใถใใใ โ ๆ takes its go-on reading ใขใณ here (as in ๆณจๆ). |
| ็ธๆ (ใใใฆ) | Reading as ใใใใ | ใใใฆ โ kun-kun compound; ็ธ- as prefix reads ใใ (also ็ธๅคใใใ). |
| ๅบ่บซ (ใใ ใฃใใ) | Reading as ใใ ใคใใ | ใใ ใฃใใ โ ใทใฅใ + ใทใณ geminates to ใใ ใฃใใ. |
| ๅใใ / ๅคใใ / ๅชใใ | All read ใคใจใใ | ๅใใ = serve a role (ๅธไผใๅใใ); ๅคใใ = be employed (ไผ็คพใซๅคใใ); ๅชใใ = endeavor (ๆนๅใซๅชใใ). |
5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
-
ใใชใใฎๅฝใฎ้ฆ็ธ(ใพใใฏๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆ)ใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๆ่ฟใใฉใใชไผ่ซใ่ซ่ฉฑใใใฅใผในใซใชใใพใใใใๅคๅ็ใฎใใใช็ๅบใงใฏใๅ ฌๅๅกใใฉใใชไปไบใใใฆใใพใใใ(Use: ้ฆ็ธ, ๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆ, ไผ่ซ, ่ซ่ฉฑ, ๅคๅ็, ๅ ฌๅๅก)
-
ๅ้ใๅฎถๆใซ็ธ่ซใใใใใจใไธใค้ธใใงใๆ็ดใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ็ธๆใซ่ชๅใฎๆฐๆใกใไผใใ่ช่บซใฎ้้ใใซใคใใฆๅ็ใใฆใใใใจใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ็ธ่ซ, ็ธๆ, ่ช่บซ, ้้ใ, ๅ็)
-
ใใชใใฎ็ๆณใฎ้จๅฑใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๆบใฎไธใใฉใๆด็ใใพใใใๅผใๅบใใฎไธญ่บซใใฉใๆดใใพใใใ่ช็ฑใซๆณๅใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ็ๆณ, ๆด็, ไธญ่บซ, ๆดใใ, ๆณๅ)
-
ใใชใใฎๅบ่บซๅฐใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใไปไฝใใงใใๅ ดๆใจใใฉใใช้ใใใใใพใใใ้ใซใไผผใฆใใใจใใใฏใใใพใใใๅฟ่บซใฎๅฅๅบทใฎใใใซใใใใงใใฆใใใใจใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ๅบ่บซ, ้ใ, ๅฟ่บซ)
6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.
| # | Word | Your Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ้ฆ็ธ | |
| 2 | ็ธ่ซ | |
| 3 | ๆณๅ | |
| 4 | ๅ็ | |
| 5 | ็็ฅ | |
| 6 | ๆ้จ็ | |
| 7 | ๆๆณ | |
| 8 | ๅบ่บซ | |
| 9 | ็ธๆ | |
| 10 | ไบๅ | |
| 11 | ไผ่ซ | |
| 12 | ้ๅ |
Answers
- ใใ ใใใ
- ใใใ ใ
- ใใใใ
- ใฏใใใ
- ใใใใใใ
- ใใใถใใใ
- ใใใ
- ใใ ใฃใใ
- ใใใฆ
- ใใ
- ใใใ ใ
- ใใฏใ
After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 22 --write to auto-fill the Answers block.
๐ Notes
Chapter 22: gloss corrections to the Denisowski raw.
๐ญ Raw file issues (corrected silently in this workbook):
- ๆณๅ gloss error: raw carries "inherit, succeed" (the gloss for ็ธ็ถ/็ถๆฟ) โ ๆณๅ means "imagine; imagination"
- ๅฝๅฎถๅ ้ฆ English typo: sovreign โ sovereign
References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 22, Kanji 385โ394) ยท Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (
http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_022.txt)