KIC Lesson 51 Workbook
Table of Contents
- # 1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
- # 1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
- # 2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
- # 3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
- # 4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
- # 5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
- # 6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
- # ๐ Notes
Focus: Cause, consequence, and the concrete stage โ how things scatter (ๆฃ), get defeated (ๆ, ่ฒ ), and are set free (ๆพ), grounded in tools (ๅ ท), foundations (ๆท), and shells (่ฒ), with ๆ supplying the reasons why. Range: Characters 717โ725 โ ่ฒ, ๅ ท, ๆ , ๆฃ, ่ด, ๆ, ๆท, ่ฒ , ๆพ Companion: Kanji Reference โ radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order
This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 51. It includes:
- โ Readings and meanings reference table
- โ Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
- โ Contextual reading practice articles (ร3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
- โ Complete vocabulary list
- โ Targeted study aids and tips
- โ Quick self-test with answers
1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
| No. | Kanji | Meaning | On'yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) | Kun'yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 717 | ่ฒ | shellfish | ใใค | ใใ |
| 718 | ๅ ท | tool, utensil, means | ใฐ | ใใช.ใใ, ใคใถใ.ใซ |
| 719 | ๆ | happenstance, especially, intentionally | ใณ | ใใ, ใตใ.ใ, ใใจ |
| 720 | ๆฃ | scatter, disperse, spend | ใตใณ | ใก.ใ, ใก.ใใ, -ใก.ใใ, ใก.ใใใ, ใก.ใใใ, ใก.ใใฐใ, ใฐใ, ใฐใ.ใใ |
| 721 | ่ด | doth, do, send | ใ | ใใ.ใ |
| 722 | ๆ | failure, defeat, reversal | ใใค | ใใถ.ใใ |
| 723 | ๆท | spread, pave, sit | ใ | ใ.ใ, -ใ.ใ |
| 724 | ่ฒ | defeat, negative, - | ใ | ใพ.ใใ, ใพ.ใใ, ใ.ใ |
| 725 | ๆพ | set free, release, fire | ใใฆ | ใฏใช.ใ, -ใฃใฑใช.ใ, ใฏใช.ใค, ใฏใช.ใใ, ใ.ใ, ใปใ.ใ |
1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?
For full structural analysis โ radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order โ see the Kanji Reference companion file.
Phonetic Series Summary
| Sound Component | Reading | In This Lesson | Other Common Kanji |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๅค | ใณ | ๆ | ๆน (lake), ๅ (individual), ๆฏ (wither) โ all ใณ |
| ๆน | ใใฆ | ๆพ | ่จช (visit โ ใใฆ), ๅฆจ (obstruct โ ใใฆ), ่ณ (fragrant โ ใใฆ), ๆฟ (room โ ใใฆ) |
| ่ฒ | ใใคโใใค | ๆ* | ่ฒท (buy โ ใใค), ่ฒฉ (sell โ ใใณ); ่ฒ itself is the sound with a vowel-drift |
๐ก Lesson highlight: This chapter is unusually radical-heavy โ five of nine kanji (ๆ , ๆฃ, ๆ, ๆท, ๆพ) share โฝ/ๆต (ใผใใฅใใ, "activity"), the semantic marker for "an action performed on something." Add ่ด with its ๆต-like right side and six of nine share the same functional signal โ this is the chapter's dominant structural theme. Phonetic series are singletons within the lesson but connect to productive outside series (ๅคโๆ โๆนโๅ, ๆนโๆพโ่จชโ่ณ). Note the ่ฒโๆ shift: ่ฒ was ancient China's shell-money character (hence ่ฒท buy, ่ฒฉ sell), stretched here as a sound-carrier despite the vowel drift ใใคโใใค.
2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
Each topic has two versions: ๐ข N3/N2 Level โ simpler structures, ใงใ/ใพใ register, core compounds. ๐ด Advanced Level โ natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (่ฒ ๅ ท ๆ ๆฃ ่ด ๆ ๆท ่ฒ ๆพ) appear unglossed throughout โ read them actively.
๐๏ธ Topic 1: ไบค้ไบๆ ใฎใใฅใผในๅ ฑ้ โ Reporting a Traffic Accident
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆจๆฅๅคๆนใๅฝ้ๆฒฟใใงๅคงใใชไบค้ไบๆ ใใใใพใใใใใฉใใฏใๆฅใซใผใใง้่ปขใๅคฑๆใใ็ฉใใงใใ่ท็ฉใ้่ทฏใซๆฃใใใใพใใใ้่ปขๆใฏ้ๅทใ่ฒ ใใพใใใใ่ดๅฝๅทใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใใ่ญฆๅฏใฏไบๆ ใฎๅๅ ใๅ ทไฝ็ใซ่ชฟในใฆใใพใใ
็พๅ ดใงใฏใ่ญฆๅฏใจๆๆฅ้ใฎ่ชฌๆใไธ่ดใใ่ฟ ้ใชๅฏพๅฟใๅใใใพใใใ่ฒ ๅท่ ใฏ็ ้ขใซ้ใฐใใ้่ทฏใซๆพ็ฝฎใใใฆใใ่ท็ฉใ็ไปใใใใพใใใไปๅใฎไบๆ ใฏใ้ ้ใใฉใใฏใฎๅฎๅ จ็ฎก็ใ้่ฆใงใใใใจใใใใใใใฆ็คบใใพใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ไบค้ไบๆ , ไบๆ , ๅคฑๆ, ๆฃใใใ, ่ฒ ใ, ่ดๅฝๅท, ๅ ทไฝ็ใช, ไธ่ด, ๆพ็ฝฎ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆจๆฅๅคๅปใๅฝ้ๆฒฟใใง็บ็ใใๅคงๅใใฉใใฏใฎไบค้ไบๆ ใ้ขไฟๆฉ้ขใฎๆณจ่ฆใ้ใใฆใใใๆฅใซใผใใงๆไฝใๅคฑๆใใๅฝ่ฉฒ่ปไธกใใใฏใ่ทๅดฉใใใ็ฉ่ผ็ฉใ่ทฏ้ขใซๆฃใใใใ้่กใ้ทๆ้ใซใใใ้ฎๆญใใใใ้่ปขๆใฏ้ๅทใ่ฒ ใฃใใใฎใฎใ่ดๅฝๅทใซใฏ่ณใใใ่ดๆญป้ใซ้ใใๅบ่กใๅ ใใใจๅ ฑใใใใฆใใใ
ไบๆ ็พๅ ดใๆค่จผใใ่ญฆๅฏใจๆๆฅ้ใฎ่จผ่จใฏใๅๅๆๅปใใใณไบ่ฑกใฎๆจ็งปใซใคใใฆๆฆใญไธ่ดใใๅ็ถๅๅพฉใซๅใใๆช็ฝฎใ้ใใใซ่ฌใใใใใๆพ็ฝฎใใใ็ฉ่ทใฏๅปๆฃ็ฉๅฆ็ๆฅญ่ ใซใใๆคๅปใใใไบๆ ่ฒฌไปปใฎๆๅจใซใคใใฆใฏๅ ทไฝ็ใชๆค่จผ้็จใ็ตใไธใงๆใใใซใใใ่ฆ้ใใงใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ไบค้ไบๆ , ไบๆ , ๅคฑๆ, ๆฃใใใ, ่ฒ ใ, ่ดๅฝๅท, ่ดๆญป้, ๅ ทไฝ็ใช, ไธ่ด, ๆพ็ฝฎ
๐๏ธ Topic 2: ๆฑบๅๆฆใฎๅ่ฒ โ The Championship Match
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆจๆฅใ้ซๆ ก้็ใฎๆฑบๅๆฆใใใใพใใใไธกใใผใ ใฎๅฎๅใฏไบ่งใงใ่ฆณๅฎขใฎๆๅพ ใๅคงใใๅ่ฒ ใงใใใ่ฉฆๅใฏๅปถ้ทๆฆใซๅ ฅใใ้ๅฑฑ้ซๆ กใๆๅพใซๆใใ็ธๆใใผใ ใๅชๅใใพใใใ
ๆ่ ใจใชใฃใ้ธๆใใกใฏๆถใๆตใใๆกใฎ่ฑใๆฃใใใใช้ใใช้ๅ ดใงใใใ็ฃ็ฃใฏใๅ จๅใๅบใใ็ตๆใชใฎใงใ้ธๆใใกใๅฟใฎ่ฒ ๆ ใซๆใใๅฟ ่ฆใฏใชใใใจ่ชใใใใผใ ใฏๅนดๅบฆๆซใซ่งฃๆฃใใพใใใใฌใๆพ้ใงใฏใๅๆใๅใใไธๆใไฝๅบฆใๅใไธใใใใพใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅ่ฒ , ๆใใ, ๆ่ , ๆฃใ, ่ฒ ๆ , ่งฃๆฃ, ๆพ้, ๅๆ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆจๆฅ้ๅฌใใใ้ซๆ ก้็้ธๆๆจฉๆฑบๅๆฆใฏใไธกๆ กใฎๅฎๅใไผฏไปฒใใๆญป้ใฎๅ่ฒ ใจใชใใ่ฆณ่กไธไธไบบใฎๅบๅพใ้ฃฒใ็ฑๆฆใๅฑ้ใใใใๅปถ้ทๅไบๅใ้ๅฑฑ้ซๆ กใๆใใใๆใใๆ ๅ ใฏ็ธๆๆ กใฎๆไธญใซๅธฐใใใใฎใฎใๅๆใๅใใไธๆใซใคใใฆใฏไธก้ฃๅถใฎๅๆใๆฆใญๅ่ดใใฆใใใ
ๆ่ ใจใชใฃใ้ธๆใใกใฎ่กจๆ ใซใฏใๆๆฆใฎๆใใใจใใใใพใงๆฆใๆใใ่ช่ฒ ใจใไบค้ฏใใฆใใใๆก่ฑๆฃใๅญฃ็ฏใฎ็ตใใใๆใใใ้่ฌใช้ๅ ดใฎๅพใ็ฃ็ฃใฏใๅ จๅใๅฐฝใใใ็ตๆใงใใไปฅไธใ้ธๆใซ้ๅบฆใชๅฟ็็่ฒ ๆ ใๅผทใใไฝๅฐใฏใชใใใจๆๆใ่ฟฐในใๅนดๅบฆๆซใฎ้จๅ ่งฃๆฃใ็ฒใ ใจๅใๅ ฅใใใๅ จๅฝๆพ้ใ้ใใฆไธญ็ถใใใ็ฑ้ใฏใๅ่ ใจๆ่ ใฎๅๆนใ็ญใใ็งฐ่ณใใๅ ฑ้ใธใจๆณขๅใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅ่ฒ , ๅๆ, ๆใใ, ๆ่ , ๆๆฆ, ่ช่ฒ , ๆฃใ, ่ฒ ๆ , ่งฃๆฃ, ๆพ้, ๅ่ด
๐๏ธ Topic 3: ๅคใๅฑๆทใฎไฟฎๅพฉ โ Restoring an Old Estate
๐ข N3/N2 Version
็งใฎ็ฅ็ถใๆฎใใๅคใๅฑๆทใใๅฎถๆใงไฟฎๅพฉใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใๅฑๆทใฎๆทๅฐใฏๅบใใๅบญใซใฏๆท็ณใฎ้ใ็ถใใฆใใพใใๆฃๆญฉใใชใใ่ๅใใใใใ ใใงใไธๆฅ้ใใฆใใพใใพใใๆไฝฟใใใฆใใๅฎถๅ ทใ้ๅ ทใๅๅบซใซๆฎใฃใฆใใฆใใใใใใฎๅ ทๅใ็ขบ่ชใใพใใใ
่ฃๅบญใงใฏใๅใๆใฃใฆใใใๅฐใใช่ฒๆฎปใๅบใฆใใพใใใๅคงๆใใใฎๅๅฐใฏๆตทใฎ่ฟใใ ใฃใใใใงใใๆฐด้็ฎกใฎๆท่จญๅทฅไบใ้ฒใฟใ็ๆดปใงใใ็ถๆ ใซๆปใใพใใใๅฐๆฅใฏๅฑๆทใๅฐๅใซ้ๆพใใฆใๆญดๅฒใไผใใๅ ดๆใซใใไบๅฎใงใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅฑๆท, ๆทๅฐ, ๆท็ณ, ๆฃๆญฉ, ๅฎถๅ ท, ้ๅ ท, ๅ ทๅ, ่ฒๆฎป, ๆท่จญ, ้ๆพ
๐ด Advanced Version
็งใฎ็ฅ็ถใๆ ๅฝใใๆใกๅธฐใฃใๅคใๅฑๆทใฏใ้ทๅนด็ฉบใๅฎถใจใชใฃใฆใใใใๅฎถๆใงไฟฎๅพฉใซๅใ็ตใใใจใซใชใฃใใๅฑๆทใฎๆทๅฐใฏไธๅๅนณๆนใกใผใใซใ่ถ ใใๅๅบญใซใฏ่ใฎ็ใใๆท็ณใฎๅฐๅพใๅปถใณใ่ฃๅบญใฎๆฑ ใฎใปใจใใพใงๆฃๆญฉ้ใ็ถใใฆใใใๆพ็ฝฎใใใฆใใๅฎถๅ ทใ้ๅ ทใฎ็ถๆ ใๅ ทๅใใจใซๅ้กใใไฝฟ็จๅฏ่ฝใชใใฎใจๅปๆฃใในใใใฎใไปๅใใฆใใไฝๆฅญใฏใๆณๅฎไปฅไธใซๆฃๆผซ่ชฟใซใชใใใกใงใใฃใใ
ๅๅฐใฎ็ฑๆฅใ่ชฟในใใจใใใๅคงๆใฏๆตทๅบใซๆฒใใงใใๅฐใงใใฃใใๆ ใซ่ฃๅบญใฎๅใๆใใจๅฐใใช่ฒๆฎปใ่ฒใฎๅ็ณใๆฃใใฐใฃใฆๅบใฆใใใๆฐด้็ฎกใฎๆท่จญๅทฅไบใ้ฒใใใใใใใๆ ๆใซๅๅใๆฎใๆน้ใง็ณใๆทใ็ดใใ็ชใๅ จใฆ้ๆพใใใจใๅฑๅ ใซๅ ใๆพใใใๅฑๆทๅ จไฝใฎๅฐ่ฑกใไธๅคใใใไฟฎๅพฉๅพใฏๅฑๆทใๅฐๅใฎๆๅ่ฒกใจใใฆ้ๆพใใๆฃๆ่ชฟใฎๆกๅ ใใณใใฌใใใ้ ๅธใใ่จ็ปใๅฎถๆๅ จๅกใฎๆ่ฆใจไธ่ดใใฆใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆ ๅฝ, ๅฑๆท, ๆทๅฐ, ๆท็ณ, ๆฃๆญฉ, ๆพ็ฝฎ, ๅฎถๅ ท, ้ๅ ท, ๅ ทๅ, ๆฃๆผซใช, ๆ ใซ, ่ฒๆฎป, ่ฒ, ๆท่จญ, ๆ ๆใซ, ๆทใ, ้ๆพ, ๆพใค, ๆฃๆ, ไธ่ด
3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see ๐ Notes.
717 โ ่ฒ (shellfish)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฒ | ใใ | shellfish |
| ่ฒๆฎป | ใใใใ | shell |
718 โ ๅ ท (tool)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅฎถๅ ท | ใใ | furniture |
| ้ๅ ท | ใฉใใ | tool |
| ๅ ทไฝ็ใช | ใใใใฆใใช | concrete, specific |
| ๅ ทๅ | ใใใ | condition |
719 โ ๆ (happenstance)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไบค้ไบๆ | ใใใคใใใ | traffic accident |
| ไบๆ | ใใ | accident |
| ๆ ๅฝ | ใใใ | homeland, native country |
| ๆ ๆใซ | ใใใซ | intentionally, purposefully |
| ๆ ใซ | ใใใซ | therefore |
720 โ ๆฃ (scatter)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆฃๆญฉ | ใใใฝ | walk, take a walk |
| ่งฃๆฃ | ใใใใ | break up, dissolve |
| ๆฃๆ | ใใใถใ | prose |
| ๆฃๆผซใช | ใใใพใใช | loose (lecture, thinking, etc.), distracted (attention) |
| ๆฃใ | ใกใ | scatter, fall (as in blossoms, leaves, paper, etc.) |
| ๆฃใใใ | ใกใใใ | scatter about, put in disorder |
721 โ ่ด (doth)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไธ่ด | ใใฃใก | agree, be consistent |
| ๅ่ด | ใใฃใก | agree, be consistent |
| ่ดๆญป้ | ใกใใใใ | lethal dose |
| ่ดๅฝๅท | ใกใใใใใ | fatal wound |
| ่ดใ | ใใใ | do humbly |
722 โ ๆ (failure)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅคฑๆ | ใใฃใฑใ | fail |
| ๆๆฆ | ใฏใใใ | defeat in a war |
| ๆ่ | ใฏใใใ | loser |
| ๅๆ | ใใใใฏใ | victory or defeat |
| ๆใใ | ใใถใใ | be defeated |
723 โ ๆท (spread)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆท็ณ | ใใใใ | paving stone, flagstone |
| ๅฑๆท | ใใใ | estate, premises, mansion |
| ๆทๅฐ | ใใใก | site, ground |
| ๆทใ | ใใ | pave, cover, spread (a futon, mat, etc.) |
| ๆท่จญ | ใตใใค | lay (a pipe), construct (a railroad) |
724 โ ่ฒ (defeat)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฒ ใใ | ใพใใ | lose (a game) |
| ๅ่ฒ | ใใใใถ | winning and losing; have a match or contest |
| ่ช่ฒ | ใใต | self-confidence, pride; be self-confident |
| ่ฒ ๆ | ใตใใ | burden; bear, shoulder, carry |
| ่ฒ ใ | ใใ | take (responsibility) |
725 โ ๆพ (set free)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆพ้ | ใปใใใ | broadcast |
| ่งฃๆพ | ใใใปใ | liberate |
| ้ๆพ | ใใใปใ | throw (a door) open, open to the public |
| ๆพ็ซ | ใปใใ | set on fire |
| ๆพ็ฝฎ | ใปใใก | abandon (a car, bicycle, etc.) on a street |
| ๆพใ | ใฏใชใ | let go, release |
| ๆพใใ | ใฏใชใใ | leave, be separated |
| ๆพใค | ใฏใชใค | shoot, emit |
4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
A. Semantic Grouping
| Group | Kanji | Key Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Shell, tool, ground | ่ฒ, ๅ ท, ๆท | ่ฒ, ่ฒๆฎป, ๅฎถๅ ท, ้ๅ ท, ๅ ทไฝ็ใช, ๅ ทๅ, ๅฑๆท, ๆทๅฐ, ๆท็ณ, ๆทใ, ๆท่จญ |
| Cause and reason | ๆ | ไบๆ , ไบค้ไบๆ , ๆ ๆใซ, ๆ ใซ, ๆ ๅฝ |
| Scatter and release | ๆฃ, ๆพ | ๆฃๆญฉ, ๆฃใ, ๆฃใใใ, ่งฃๆฃ, ๆฃๆ, ๆฃๆผซใช, ๆพ้, ่งฃๆพ, ้ๆพ, ๆพ็ฝฎ, ๆพใ, ๆพใค, ๆพใใ, ๆพ็ซ |
| Defeat, loss, bearing | ๆ, ่ฒ | ๅคฑๆ, ๆๆฆ, ๆ่ , ๅๆ, ๆใใ, ่ฒ ใใ, ๅ่ฒ , ่ช่ฒ , ่ฒ ๆ , ่ฒ ใ |
| Bringing about, converging | ่ด | ไธ่ด, ๅ่ด, ่ดๆญป้, ่ดๅฝๅท, ่ดใ |
B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation
| Reading | Kanji | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใใค | ๆ | defeat, failure | ๆๆฆ |
| ใ | ๆท | spread, lay | ๆท่จญ |
| ใ | ่ฒ | bear, lose | ่ฒ ๆ |
| ใใฆ | ๆพ | release, broadcast | ๆพ้ |
| ใตใณ | ๆฃ | scatter | ๆฃๆญฉ |
| ใณ | ๆ | cause, former | ไบๆ |
| ใ | ่ด | bring about | ไธ่ด |
| ใใค | ่ฒ | shell, currency | ่ฒๆฎป |
| ใฐ | ๅ ท | tool, means | ้ๅ ท |
Watch: ๆท vs ่ฒ both read ใ and both carry a metaphorical "lay/bear" sense โ memorise as a pair. ๆฃๆญฉ gets gemination ใตใณ+ใโใใใฝ.
C. Kun'yomi Verbs
| Verb | Reading | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ่ฒ ใใ | ใพใใ | lose (a game) | ่ฉฆๅใซ่ฒ ใใ |
| ่ฒ ใ | ใใ | bear, take on (responsibility, injury) | ่ฒฌไปปใ่ฒ ใ |
| ๆใใ | ใใถใใ | be defeated (formal/literary) | ๆฑบๅใงๆใใ |
| ๆฃใ | ใกใ | scatter, fall (intrans; blossoms, leaves) | ๆกใๆฃใ |
| ๆฃใใใ | ใกใใใ | scatter / leave in disorder (trans) | ้จๅฑใๆฃใใใ |
| ๆพใ | ใฏใชใ | release / let go (voluntary, controlled) | ๆใๆพใ |
| ๆพใค | ใฏใชใค | release with force / emit | ๅ ใๆพใค |
| ๆพใใ | ใฏใชใใ | become released (intrans) | ็ฌใ้ใใๆพใใ |
| ๆทใ | ใใ | spread, lay flat | ๅธๅฃใๆทใ |
| ๆ ใซ | ใใใซ | therefore (formal connector) |
The ๆพใ / ๆพใค / ๆพใใ trio: ๆพใ = voluntary controlled release; ๆพใค = release with force / emit (light, arrows); ๆพใใ = intransitive "become released."
D. ๐ The โฝ/ๆต Radical Cluster (ๆ , ๆฃ, ๆ, ๆท, ๆพ)
Five of the nine kanji in this lesson share the โฝ / ๆต radical (ใผใใฅใใ, "activity, to strike"). Add ่ด with its structurally similar right side โ six of nine, exceptional density.
| Kanji | Left side | Reading | What's being acted upon |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๆ | ๅค (sound ใณ) | ใณ | the past โ happenstance, reason |
| ๆฃ | ๆ-variant + ๆ | ใตใณ | gathered things โ scattered |
| ๆ | ่ฒ (sound โ ใใค) | ใใค | wealth/success โ defeated |
| ๆท | ๅฐ (spread out) | ใ | surface area โ paved |
| ๆพ | ๆน (sound ใใฆ) | ใใฆ | that which was held โ released |
Takeaway: When you see โฝ/ๆต in an unknown kanji, read the LEFT component first โ it usually carries the sound (if ๅฝขๅฃฐ) or the "what's being acted upon" (if ไผๆ). Meaning always involves doing something to something else rather than being something.
E. Watch Out! โ ๏ธ
| Item | Trap | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| ่ดๅฝๅท | Kun reading of ่ด (ใใ.ใ) or misreading | ใกใใใใใ (on ใ). ่ดๅฝ = "reaching (่ณ) one's fate/ๅฝ" โ bringing about death. |
| ๆ ๆใซ vs ๆ ใซ | Same kanji, different reading | ๆ ๆใซ (ใใใซ, adverbial) = "deliberately"; ๆ ใซ (ใใใซ, formal connector) = "therefore." Context is your only guide. |
| ๆ ๅฝ (ใใใ) | Assuming ๆ = "reason" or "deceased" | Here ๆ = "old / former / one's original" (homeland). Single kanji, multiple semantic branches. |
| ๅคฑๆ (ใใฃใฑใ) | Reading as ใใคใฏใ or ใใฃใฑใ | ใใฃใฑใ. Historical p-sound in ใใค fossilised the geminate after ๅคฑ (ใทใ). |
| ่ฒๆฎป (ใใใใ) | Reading as ใใใใ | ใใใใ. Standard ้ฃๆฟ (rendaku) โ ๆฎป alone is ใใ; after ่ฒ it voices to ใใ. |
| ๆทใ vs ๅผใ vs ๅผพใ | Same kana ใใ/ใฒใ, distinct kanji | ๅธๅฃใๆทใ (ใใ) = spread; ็ถฑใๅผใ (ใฒใ) = pull; ใใขใใๅผพใ (ใฒใ) = play. Always disambiguate by kanji. |
5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
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ๆจๆฅใใใชใใฎ็บใง่ตทใใไบค้ไบๆ ใซใคใใฆใๆฐ่่จไบใฎใใใซๆธใใฆใใ ใใใไบๆ ใฎๅๅ ใ่ฒ ๅท่ ใฎๆงๅญใ่ญฆๅฏใฎๅฏพๅฟใๅ ทไฝ็ใซ่ชฌๆใใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ไบค้ไบๆ , ไบๆ , ่ฒ ใ, ๅ ทไฝ็ใช, ไธ่ด)
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ๅญฆ็ๆไปฃใซ็ต้จใใใๅ่ฒ ใใฎๆใๅบใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๅใฃใ่ฉฆๅใงใๆใใ่ฉฆๅใงใๆงใใพใใใๅๆใๅใใใใฎใฏไฝใ ใฃใใใ่ช่ฒ ใ่ฒ ๆ ใซใคใใฆๆฏใ่ฟใฃใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ๅ่ฒ , ๅๆ, ๆใใ, ๆ่ , ่ช่ฒ , ่ฒ ๆ )
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ใใชใใฎๅฎถ(ใพใใฏๅฎๅฎถ)ใซใใๅฎถๅ ทใ้ๅ ทใฎไธญใงใไธ็ชๆใๅบใๆทฑใใใฎใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใใใใใฉใใซๆทใใฆใใพใใใใพใใฏ็ฝฎใใฆใใพใใใไฟฎ็ใฎๅ ทๅใฏใฉใใงใใใ(Use: ๅฎถๅ ท, ้ๅ ท, ๅ ทๅ, ๆทใ)
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ๆกใๆฃใๅญฃ็ฏใฎ้ขจๆฏใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๆฃๆญฉใใชใใ่ฆใๆฏ่ฒใงใใๆพ้็ช็ตใง่ฆใๆ ๅใงใๆงใใพใใใๆฃๆ็ใซใ่ช็ฑใซๆๅใใฆใใ ใใใ(Use: ๆฃใ, ๆฃๆญฉ, ๆพ้, ๆฃๆ)
6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.
| # | Word | Your Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ไบค้ไบๆ | |
| 2 | ๅ ทไฝ็ใช | |
| 3 | ๆ ๆใซ | |
| 4 | ๆฃๆญฉ | |
| 5 | ไธ่ด | |
| 6 | ่ดๅฝๅท | |
| 7 | ๅคฑๆ | |
| 8 | ๅฑๆท | |
| 9 | ๅ่ฒ | |
| 10 | ๆพ้ | |
| 11 | ่ฒๆฎป | |
| 12 | ๆ ใซ |
Answers
- ใใใคใใใ
- ใใใใฆใใช
- ใใใซ
- ใใใฝ
- ใใฃใก
- ใกใใใใใ
- ใใฃใฑใ
- ใใใ
- ใใใใถ
- ใปใใใ
- ใใใใ
- ใใใซ
After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 51 --write to fill answers.
๐ Notes
References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 51, Kanji 717โ725) ยท Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (
http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_051.txt)