KIC Lesson 47 Workbook
Table of Contents
- # Complete Study Workbook
- # 1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
- # 1B. ๐ Kanji Structure โ Radicals & Functional Components
- # 2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
-
# 3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
- ## 674 โ ๅทฎ (Difference, Distinction)
- ## 675 โ ้ค (Nurture, Foster, Support)
- ## 676 โ ๅ (Good, Virtue, Goodness)
- ## 677 โ ๆง (Manner, Appearance, Mr/Ms)
- ## 678 โ ๆค (Plant, Grow)
- ## 679 โ ๆฅต (Extreme, Pole, Utmost)
- ## 680 โ ็ซฏ (Edge, End, Fraction)
- ## 681 โ ้ (Demand, Need)
- ## 682 โ ๅจ (Vessel, Instrument, Skill)
- ## 683 โ ๅ (Goods, Quality, Elegance)
- ## 684 โ ๅ (Commerce, Business, Trade)
- # 4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
- # 5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
- # 6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
- # 7. ๐ Clean Challenge Versions (No Furigana)
- # ๐ Notes
Complete Study Workbook
Focus: Kanji related to difference, nurture, virtue, manner, nature, extremes, demand, instruments, quality, and commerce Range: Characters 674โ684 (ๅทฎ, ้ค, ๅ, ๆง, ๆค, ๆฅต, ็ซฏ, ้, ๅจ, ๅ, ๅ)
This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 47. It includes:
- โ Readings and meanings reference table
- โ Contextual reading practice articles (ร3, each in N3/N2 and advanced versions)
- โ Complete vocabulary list
- โ Targeted study aids and tips
1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
| No. | Kanji | Meaning | On'yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) | Kun'yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 674 | ๅทฎ | Difference, Distinction | ใต | ใ.ใ |
| 675 | ้ค | Nurture, Foster, Support | ใจใฆ | ใใใช.ใ |
| 676 | ๅ | Good, Virtue, Goodness | ใผใณ | ใ.ใ |
| 677 | ๆง | Manner, Appearance, Mr/Ms | ใจใฆ | ใใพ |
| 678 | ๆค | Plant, Grow | ใทใงใฏ | ใ.ใใ |
| 679 | ๆฅต | Extreme, Pole, Utmost | ใญใงใฏ, ใดใฏ | ใใ.ใใ, ใใ.ใพใ, ใใ.ใฟ |
| 680 | ็ซฏ | Edge, End, Fraction | ใฟใณ | ใฏใ, ใฏใ, ใฏ |
| 681 | ้ | Demand, Need | ใธใฅ | (ใชใ) |
| 682 | ๅจ | Vessel, Instrument, Skill | ใญ | ใใคใ |
| 683 | ๅ | Goods, Quality, Elegance | ใใณ | ใใช |
| 684 | ๅ | Commerce, Business, Trade | ใทใงใฆ | ใใใช.ใ |
1B. ๐ Kanji Structure โ Radicals & Functional Components
Understanding what each part of a kanji actually does โ not just which radical it's filed under. Radicals (้จ้ฆ) are a dictionary indexing system. Functional components are the real building blocks: meaning components, sound components (ๅฃฐ็ฌฆ), and form components. See Outlier Linguistics for the full framework.
Radical Reference
| Kanji | ้จ้ฆ | Radical Name | Meaning | Position | Strokes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๅทฎ | ๅทฅ | ใใใฟ | work, skill | โ | 10 |
| ้ค | ้ฃ | ใใใ | food, eat | โ | 15 |
| ๅ | ๅฃ | ใใก | mouth | โ | 12 |
| ๆง | ๆจ | ใใธใ | tree, wood | ใธใ (left) | 14 |
| ๆค | ๆจ | ใใธใ | tree, wood | ใธใ (left) | 12 |
| ๆฅต | ๆจ | ใใธใ | tree, wood | ใธใ (left) | 13 |
| ็ซฏ | ็ซ | ใใคใธใ | to stand | ใธใ (left) | 14 |
| ้ | ้จ | ใใใใใใ | rain | ใใใใ (top) | 14 |
| ๅจ | ๅฃ | ใใก | mouth | โ | 15 |
| ๅ | ๅฃ | ใใก | mouth | โ | 9 |
| ๅ | ๅฃ | ใใก | mouth | โ | 11 |
Functional Component Breakdown
ๅทฎ โ ๅฐ (form) + ๐ (sound, corrupted to resemble ๅทฆ)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ๅฐ โ relates to bundled items (charcoal sheaves), hence unevenness/difference
- Sound: archaic ๐ /*TSAI/ โ ๅทฎใใตใ (the original sound component corrupted over time โ no useful modern phonetic series)
- โ ๏ธ The top part looks like ็พ but is historically unrelated to the ็พ in ้ค/ๆง/ๅ
้ค โ ็พ (sound) + ้ฃ (semantic)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ้ฃ (food/nourishment) โ to feed, rear, nurture
- Sound: ็พใใจใฆใโ ้คใใจใฆใ โ
- The radical ้ฃ IS the semantic component here
ๅ โ ็พ (meaning) + ่ชฉ (meaning, simplified to ๅฃๅฃ-like bottom)
- Type: ไผๆ (compound ideograph)
- Semantic: ็พ = auspicious/good + ่ชฉ = many mouths praising โ "goodness"
- Sound: (none โ compound ideograph)
- โ ๏ธ Radical is ๅฃ, but the semantic weight comes from ็พ (auspiciousness). The ๅฃ is just the dictionary filing radical.
ๆง โ ๆจ (semantic) + ็พ (sound) + ๆฐบ (water, bottom-right)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ๆจ (tree/wood โ originally referred to a type of oak tree, later generalized to "manner, style")
- Sound: ็พใใจใฆใโ ๆงใใจใฆใ โ
- The radical ๆจ IS the semantic component
ๆค โ ๆจ (semantic) + ็ด (sound)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ๆจ (tree/plant)
- Sound: ็ดใใใงใฏใโ ๆคใใทใงใฏใ (initial consonant shift ใโใทใง, regular historical correspondence)
- The radical ๆจ IS the semantic component
ๆฅต โ ๆจ (semantic) + ไบ (sound)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ๆจ (wood โ originally "ridgepole" ๆฃๆจ, the highest beam in a house โ "extreme, utmost")
- Sound: ไบใใญใงใฏใโ ๆฅตใใญใงใฏใ โ
- The radical ๆจ IS the semantic component
็ซฏ โ ็ซ (semantic) + ่ (sound)
- Type: ๅฝขๅฃฐ (phonosemantic)
- Semantic: ็ซ (standing/upright)
- Sound: ่ใใฟใณใโ ็ซฏใใฟใณใ โ
- The radical ็ซ IS the semantic component
้ โ ้จ (semantic) + ่/ๅคฉ (form)
- Type: ไผๆ (compound ideograph) โ though some scholars argue ๅฝขๅฃฐ
- Semantic: ้จ (rain) + ๅคฉ/่ (person standing under sky) โ "getting wet, waiting for rain" โ later "to need"
- Sound: (none per consensus; an alternative analysis treats the bottom as sound component from ๅญบ)
- The radical ้จ IS the semantic component
ๅจ โ ็ฌ (form/meaning) + ๅฃ ร4 (form)
- Type: ไผๆ (compound ideograph) โ but etymology ultimately unclear (ๅญๆบไธ่ฉณ)
- Semantic: Four ๅฃ shapes (possibly containers/vessels) surrounding ๅคง/็ฌ (dog โ per ่ชฌๆ่งฃๅญ, a dog guarding vessels; alternatively ๅคง = "many kinds of")
- Sound: (none โ compound ideograph)
- โ ๏ธ Radical is ๅฃ, but the meaning comes from the full compound structure, not a single ๅฃ. The center component may be ็ฌ (corrupted to look like ๅคง).
ๅ โ ๅฃ ร3 (form)
- Type: ไผๆ (compound ideograph)
- Semantic: Three ๅฃ shapes represent many items/containers โ "goods, articles"
- Sound: (none โ ideographic)
- Radical ๅฃ is appropriate here โ the whole character IS three ๅฃ
ๅ โ ไ + ไธ (structure debated)
- Type: ไธ่ฉณ (uncertain) โ structure and etymology are debated
- Semantic: Possibly related to the Shang dynasty name (ๅ was the dynasty; Shang people became associated with trade). ่ชฌๆ่งฃๅญ analyzed it as ใฏ + sound ็ซ ใใทใงใฆใ, but Wiktionary JP notes this is considered an incorrect analysis.
- Sound: possibly ็ซ ใใทใงใฆใโ ๅใใทใงใฆใ (if the ่ชฌๆ analysis were correct), but this is disputed
- โ ๏ธ Structure debated. Don't over-analyze the components โ learn ๅ as a unit.
Phonetic Series Summary
| Sound Component | Reading | In This Lesson | Other Common Kanji |
|---|---|---|---|
| ็พ | ใจใฆ | ้ค, ๆง | ๆด, ็ |
| ็ด | ใใงใฏโใทใงใฏ | ๆค | ๅคใใใ, ๆฎใใทใงใฏใ |
| ไบ | ใญใงใฏ | ๆฅต | โ (rare component) |
| ่ | ใฟใณ | ็ซฏ | ็ใใบใคใ(sound shifted) |
๐ก Lesson highlight: ็พ appears in four kanji this lesson (้ค, ๅ, ๆง, and the top of ๅทฎ looks like it) but serves a different function each time โ sound in ้ค/ๆง, meaning in ๅ, and is actually a false lookalike in ๅทฎ. This is a perfect example of why position alone doesn't determine function.
Etymological decompositions are simplified for study purposes. For rigorous functional analysis, see the Outlier Kanji Dictionary (iOS/Android via Pleco). Free sources used: Wiktionary JP, Kanji Alive, on'yomi cross-referencing via WWWJDIC.
2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
All readings use ๆผขๅญ notation (vscode-markdown-furigana). Each topic has two versions: ๐ข N3/N2 Level (simpler structures, core vocab) and ๐ด Advanced (natural register, denser grammar, closer to published prose).
๐๏ธ Topic 1: ๅๅบ่กใฎๅคๅ โ Changes in the Shopping District
๐ข N3/N2 Version
้ง ๅใฎๅๅบ่กใฏใๆ่ฟๆงๅญใๅคใใฃใฆใใพใใใไปฅๅใฏๅไบบใใกใๅ ๆฐใซๅๅฃฒใใใฆใใพใใใใไปใฏๅๅใใใใฎๅบใ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใๆฅ็จๅใๅฃฒใๅๅบใๅฐใชใใชใใๅ็ฉใฎๅ่ณชใไปฅๅใปใฉใงใฏใใใพใใใ
ๅ็คพใงๅใ็ฐไธญใใใฏใใๅๅใฎ้่ฆใๅคใใฃใใฎใๅๅ ใงใใใจ่จใใพใใ้ฃๅจใๆฅฝๅจใชใฉใฎ้จๅใใไปใฏใใใใง่ฒทใไบบใๅคใใงใใๅๆฅญใฎๆงๅญใๅคงใใๅคใใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
้ง ๅใฎๅๅบ่กใฏใใใคใฆใฎๆดปๆฐใๅคฑใใคใคใใใ่่ใฎๅไบบใใกใไปฃใ ๅฎใฃใฆใใๅๅฃฒใฎๆงๅญใฏไธๅคใใ้่ฆใฎๆง้ ใใฎใใฎใๆ นๅบใใๆบใใใงใใใๆฅ็จๅใใ้ฃๅจใๆฅฝๅจใฎ้จๅใซ่ณใใพใงใๅๅใฎๆต้ใฏๆฅ้ใซ้ปๅญๅๅๅผใธ็งป่กใใคใคใใใ
ๅ่ณชใๆฅตใใฆใใ่ทไบบใซใจใฃใฆใไธๅใชๅ็ฉใไพกๆ ผใ ใใงๅทฎๅฅๅใใใ็พ็ถใฏๆฅตใใฆๅณใใใๅๆฅญใฎๅคๆงๅใ้ฒใไธญใๅ็คพใฏ้็ตฆใฎๅทฎใ่ฆๆฅตใใไธญ้ๅ็ซฏใชๅฏพๅฟใงใฏใชใๆๆฌ็ใชๆนๅใ่ฟซใใใฆใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅๅบ, ๅไบบ, ๅๅฃฒ, ๅๅ, ๅ็คพ, ๅๆฅญ, ๅ่ณช, ๅ็ฉ, ๆฅ็จๅ, ้่ฆ, ้็ตฆ, ้ฃๅจ, ๆฅฝๅจ, ้จๅ, ๆงๅญ, ๅทฎ, ๅทฎๅฅ, ๅคๆงๅ, ไธๅ, ไธญ้ๅ็ซฏ, ๆฅตใใ, ่ฆๆฅตใใ, ๆนๅ, ๅใ
๐๏ธ Topic 2: ๅๆฅตใฎๆค็ฉใจๅ ็ซฏ็ ็ฉถ โ Arctic Plants and Cutting-Edge Research
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๅๆฅตใฏๆฅต็ซฏใซๅฏใๅ ดๆใงใใใใใใซใๆค็ฉใ่ฒใฃใฆใใพใใ็งๅญฆ่ ใใกใฏใๅ ็ซฏๆ่กใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใใใฎๆค็ฉใฎ้คๅใ็ ็ฉถใใฆใใพใใ้็ซฏใซ็ใใ่ใจใฏๅคงใใชๅทฎใใใใพใใ
ใใใใใฎๆค็ฉใ้คใใใจใฏๆฅตใใฆ้ฃใใใใจๆงๅญใ่ชใ็ ็ฉถ่ ใใใพใใๅๆฅตใจๅๆฅตใฎๆๅทฎใๆธฉๅบฆๅทฎใ่ใใใจใๆค็ฉใๆคใใๅฎ้จใฏ็ฐกๅใงใฏใใใพใใใๅฟ ้ๅใฎๅจๅ ทใ็นๅฅใชใใฎใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๅๆฅตๅใฎๅๅๅฐๅธฏใซใใใฆใๆฅต็ซฏใชไฝๆธฉ็ฐๅขไธใงใ็ๅญใๅพใๆค็ฉใฎ็ๆ ใใๅ ็ซฏๆ่กใ้งไฝฟใใ็ ็ฉถใซใใ่งฃๆใใใคใคใใใใใใใฎ็จฎใฏ้คๅใฎๆฅตใใฆไนใใๅๅฃใงๆ นใๅผตใใๅๆฅต็ซฏใฎ้กไผผ็จฎใจใฎๅทฎใ้บไผๅญใฌใใซใงๆค่จผใใใฆใใใ
ๆฅตๆฑใฎๅคงๅญฆใไธปๅฐใใๅ ฑๅ็ ็ฉถใใผใ ใฏใๆคๆฐๅฐๆไปฃใซๆใก่พผใพใใๅคๆฅ็จฎใๅจๆฅใฎๆค็ใซๅใผใๅฝฑ้ฟใ่ฆๆฅตใใในใใ็ฐๆคใใฎๆๆณใๅฟ็จใใๅฎ้จ็ๆ ฝๅนใ่ฉฆใฟใฆใใใ้่ฆใ้ซใพใ็ฐๅขไฟๅ จใฎๅ้ใซใใใฆใ็น้ใจใ่จใใ็ ็ฉถไบ็ฎใ็ฐ็ซฏใจใใใฆใใๆฅตๅฐๆค็ฉๅญฆใซใๆตใๅงใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๅๆฅต, ๅๆฅต, ๆฅต็ซฏ, ๆฅตๆฑ, ๆฅตใใ, ๆฅตใฟ, ่ฆๆฅตใใ, ๆค็ฉ, ๆคๆฐๅฐ, ๆคใใ, ็ฐๆคใ, ้คๅ, ้คใ, ๅ ็ซฏๆ่ก, ็ฐ็ซฏ, ็ซฏ, ้็ซฏ, ้่ฆ, ็น้, ๅจๅ ท, ๅทฎ, ๆๅทฎ, ๅฟ ้ๅ
๐๏ธ Topic 3: ๆ้คใจๅๆใฎ็คพไผ โ Culture, Good Intentions, and Society
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆ้คใฎใใไบบใฏใๅๆใง่กๅใใใใจใๅคใใงใใๅใจๆชใฎๅทฎใ็่งฃใใๆงใ ใชไบบใๅทฎๅฅใใพใใใๅ่ฏใชๅฟใฏใ้คๅญใ่ฟใใๅฎถๅบญใงใ่ฆใใใพใใๅญใฉใใ้ค่ฒใใไธญใงใไผ้คใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใ
ๅคๆงใช็คพไผใงใฏใๅๆชใฎๅคๆญใ้ฃใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใๆฅต็ซฏใช่ใๆนใฏๆนๅใในใใงใใ็ฅๆงใฎใใใชๅฎ็งใชๅญๅจใฏใใพใใใใ่ฆชๅใฎๆฐๆใกใๅคงๅใซใใใใจใๅใ็คพไผใไฝใ็ฌฌไธๆญฉใงใใ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆ้คใจใฏๅใชใ็ฅ่ญใฎ่็ฉใงใฏใชใใๅๆใซๅบใฅใๅคๆญๅใจใๅคๆงใชไพกๅค่ฆณใๅใๅฎนใใๅจใฎๅคงใใใงใใใใๅ่ฏใชๅธๆฐใงใใใใจใจใๅทฎๅฅใฎๆง้ ใ่ฆๆฅตใใ็ผใ้คใใใจใฏใๆฑบใใฆ็็พใใชใใ
่ฆชๅๅคไบคใฎ็ซฏใซ่ฆใใๅๆชใฎไบๅ ่ซใฏใๆฅตใใฆไธญ้ๅ็ซฏใชๅๆใซ้ใใชใใ้ค่ฒใฎ็พๅ ดใงใใ้คๅญ็ธ็ตใซใใใๅถๅบฆ็ใชๅทฎใฏๆนๅใฎไฝๅฐใๆฅตใพใใชใๆฎใใใฆใใใๅๆงใซใไผ้คใๅใๆจฉๅฉใใไฟ้ใใใชใๅดๅ่ ใซใจใฃใฆใใๅใ็คพไผใใฏไพ็ถใจใใฆ้ ใๆฅตใฟใงใใใ็ฅๆง้ ผใฟใงใฏใชใใๅถๅบฆใฎๆนๅใใใไธๅฏๆฌ ใ ใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆ้ค, ๅๆ, ๅ, ๅ่ฏ, ๅๆช, ๆนๅ, ่ฆชๅ, ้คๅญ, ้ค่ฒ, ไผ้ค, ้คใ, ๅทฎ, ๅทฎๅฅ, ๅคๆง, ๅๆง, ๆงใ , ็ฅๆง, ๅจ, ๆฅตใใ, ๆฅตใพใ, ๆฅตใฟ, ไธญ้ๅ็ซฏ, ่ฆๆฅตใใ, ็ซฏ
3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ Denisowski KIC List (v1.0)
674 โ ๅทฎ (Difference, Distinction)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅทฎ | ใ | difference |
| ๆๅทฎ | ใใ | time difference |
| ๆๅทฎใใฑ | ใใใใฑ | jet lag |
| ๅทฎๅฅ | ใในใค | discrimination; discriminate |
| ไบคๅทฎ็น | ใใใใฆใ | intersection |
| ๅทฎใ | ใใ | shine into, stream in, hold (umbrella) |
| ๅทฎใไธใใ | ใใใใใ | give (humble) |
| ๅทฎใๅผใ | ใใใฒใ | deduct, take away |
| ็ฉๅทฎใ | ใใฎใใ | ruler, measure |
| ๅทฎใๆฏใใ | ใใใคใใใ | interfere, hinder |
675 โ ้ค (Nurture, Foster, Support)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ไผ้ค | ใใ ใใใ | rest, recuperation |
| ๆ้ค | ใใใใใ | culture, cultivation |
| ้คๅญ | ใใใ | adopted child |
| ้ค่ฒ | ใใใใ | nurture, raise |
| ้คๅ | ใใใถใ | nourishment, nutrients |
| ้คใ | ใใใชใ | foster, support, cultivate |
676 โ ๅ (Good, Virtue, Goodness)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅๆ | ใใใ | good intentions, goodwill |
| ๅ | ใใ | good, goodness, virtue |
| ๅ่ฏใช | ใใใใใใช | good-natured, honest |
| ่ฆชๅ | ใใใใ | friendship, goodwill |
| ๅๆช | ใใใใ | good and evil |
| ๆนๅ | ใใใใ | improvement; improve |
| ๅใ | ใใ | good |
677 โ ๆง (Manner, Appearance, Mr/Ms)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅคๆงๆง | ใใใใใ | diversity |
| ๅคๆงๅ | ใใใใ | diversification |
| ๅคๆงใช | ใใใใช | diversified, varied |
| ๅๆงใฎ | ใฉใใใใฎ | same, similar |
| ๆงๅญ | ใใใ | situation, appearance |
| ็ฅๆง | ใใฟใใพ | God, gods |
| ๏ฝๆง | ๏ฝใใพ | Mr/Ms ~ (mainly in writing) |
678 โ ๆค (Plant, Grow)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆค็ฉ | ใใใใถใค | plants |
| ๆคๆฐๅฐ | ใใใใฟใใก | colony |
| ๆคใใ | ใใใ | plant (a tree, etc.) |
| ็ฐๆคใ | ใใใ | transplanting of rice shoots |
679 โ ๆฅต (Extreme, Pole, Utmost)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅๆฅต | ใปใฃใใใ | the North Pole |
| ๅๆฅต | ใชใใใใ | the South Pole |
| ๆฅตๆฑ | ใใใใจใ | the Far East |
| ๆฅต็ซฏใช | ใใใใใใช | extreme |
| ่ฆๆฅตใใ | ใฟใใใใ | ascertain, make sure |
| ๆฅตใพใ | ใใใพใ | reach an extreme |
| ๆฅตใฟ | ใใใฟ | height, apex |
| ๆฅต็ง | ใใใฒ | top secret |
680 โ ็ซฏ (Edge, End, Fraction)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅ ็ซฏๆ่ก | ใใใใใใใ ใค | advanced technology |
| ็ฐ็ซฏ | ใใใ | heresy, heterodoxy |
| ็ซฏ | ใฏใ | end, edge |
| ็ซฏๆฐ | ใฏใใ | fraction, odd number |
| ๅ็ซฏใช | ใฏใใฑใช | fractional, incomplete |
| ไธญ้ๅ็ซฏใช | ใกใ ใใจใฏใใฑใช | incomplete, halfway |
| ้็ซฏ | ใฟใกใฐใ | roadside |
681 โ ้ (Demand, Need)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้่ฆ | ใใ ใใ | demand |
| ้็ตฆ | ใใ ใใ ใ | supply and demand |
| ็น้ | ใจใใใ | special procurement |
| ๅฟ ้ๅ | ใฒใคใใ ใฒใ | necessities |
| ่ป้ๅ | ใใใใ ใฒใ | munitions, war supplies |
| ่ป้็ฃๆฅญ | ใใใใ ใใใใใ | war industry |
682 โ ๅจ (Vessel, Instrument, Skill)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆฅฝๅจ | ใใฃใ | musical instrument |
| ้ฃๅจ | ใใใฃใ | tableware |
| ๅ่ฉฑๅจ | ใใ ใใ | telephone receiver |
| ๅจ็จใช | ใใใใช | skillful, tactful |
| ไธๅจ็จใช | ใถใใใใช | awkward, clumsy |
| ๅจๅ ท | ใใ | appliances, utensils, tools |
| ๅจ | ใใคใ | container; capacity (of a person) |
683 โ ๅ (Goods, Quality, Elegance)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅ่ณช | ใฒใใใค | quality (of a product) |
| ้จๅ | ใถใฒใ | part, component |
| ๆฅ็จๅ | ใซใกใใใฒใ | daily necessities |
| ่ฌๅ | ใใใฒใ | medicine, drug, chemical |
| ๆดๅๅบ | ใใใฒใใฆใ | Western-style apparel shop |
| ๅ็ฉ | ใใชใใฎ | merchandise, commodity |
| ๅ | ใใช | goods, article |
| ๆๅ | ใฆใใช | magic (show) |
| ไธๅใช | ใใใใฒใใช | refined, elegant, graceful |
| ไธๅใช | ใใฒใใช | gross, vulgar |
| ๅ | ใฒใ | grace, elegance, dignity |
684 โ ๅ (Commerce, Business, Trade)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅๅ | ใใใใฒใ | merchandise, commodity |
| ๅๆฅญ | ใใใใใใ | commerce |
| ๅไบบ | ใใใใซใ | merchant |
| ๅๅฃฒ | ใใใใฐใ | business; engage in business |
| ๅ็คพ | ใใใใใ | trading firm |
| ๅๅบ | ใใใใฆใ | shop, store |
| ๅใ | ใใใชใ | dealing, business |
4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
A. Semantic Grouping
| Group | Kanji | Key Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Commerce / Trade | ๅ, ๅ | ๅๅฃฒ, ๅๅ, ๅ่ณช |
| Tools / Objects | ๅจ, ้ | ๆฅฝๅจ, ้ฃๅจ, ้่ฆ |
| Character / Virtue | ๅ, ้ค | ๅๆ, ๆ้ค, ๆนๅ |
| Nature / Plants | ๆค, ๆฅต | ๆค็ฉ, ๅๆฅต, ๆฅต็ซฏ |
| Measurement / Edges | ๅทฎ, ็ซฏ | ๆๅทฎ, ๅ ็ซฏ, ไธญ้ๅ็ซฏ |
| Appearance / Manner | ๆง | ๆงๅญ, ๅคๆง, ๅๆง |
B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation
| Reading | Kanji | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใ | ๅ | commerce | ๅๅ |
| ใใใ | ่จผ (L46) | proof | ่จผๆ |
| ใฒใ | ๅ (goods) | article, quality | ๅ่ณช |
| ใฒใ | ๅ (elegance) | grace | ไธๅ |
| ใใใ | ๆฅต (extreme/pole) | extremity | ๅๆฅต |
| ใใ | ๆฅต (intensifier) | very, top | ๆฅต็ง |
Tip โ ๅ has two on'yomi registers: ใใณ for "goods/quality" (ๅ่ณช, ้จๅ, ๅๅ), but also ใใณ for "elegance" (ไธๅ, ไธๅ, ๅใใใ). The readings are identical, but the meanings diverge. Tip โ ๆฅต shifts between ใญใงใฏ and ใดใฏ: ใญใงใฏ = geographic/abstract poles (ๅๆฅต, ๆฅต็ซฏ); ใดใฏ = superlative intensifier (ๆฅต็ง, ๆฅตไธ). The kun'yomi ใใ- appears in all emotional/effort senses (ๆฅตใใ, ๆฅตใพใ, ๆฅตใฟ).
C. Kun'yomi Verbs
| Verb | Reading | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๅทฎใ | ใใ | shine in, hold over | ๅใๅทฎใ |
| ๅทฎใไธใใ | ใใใใใ | give (humble) | ๅ ็ใซๅทฎใไธใใ |
| ๅทฎใๅผใ | ใใใฒใ | deduct | ็จ้ใๅทฎใๅผใ |
| ๅทฎใๆฏใใ | ใใใคใใใ | interfere, hinder | ไปไบใซๅทฎใๆฏใใ |
| ้คใ | ใใใชใ | nurture, support | ๅฎถๆใ้คใ |
| ๆคใใ | ใใใ | plant | ๆจใๆคใใ |
| ่ฆๆฅตใใ | ใฟใใใใ | ascertain | ๆฌ่ณชใ่ฆๆฅตใใ |
| ๆฅตใพใ | ใใใพใ | reach an extreme | ๆๆฅตใพใ |
| ๅใ | ใใใชใ | deal in, trade | ้ชจ่ฃๅใๅใ |
D. Compound Verbs with ๅทฎใ
ๅทฎใ is the base for several important compound verbs โ learn them as a set:
| Compound | Reading | Meaning | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๅทฎใ | ใใ | shine in / hold (umbrella) / fill (with water) | Neutral |
| ๅทฎใไธใใ | ใใใใใ | give | Humble (่ฌ่ญฒ่ช) |
| ๅทฎใๅผใ | ใใใฒใ | deduct, subtract | Business/formal |
| ๅทฎใๆฏใใ | ใใใคใใใ | interfere with, cause trouble | Formal |
E. Watch Out! โ ๏ธ
| Item | Trap | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| ไธๅ vs ไธๅ | Reading ไธๅ as ใใฒใ vs ใใฒใ | ใใฒใ is correct โ irregular voicing |
| ็ซฏๆฐ | Reading as ใฏใใใ or ใใใใ | ใฏใใ โ irregular reading |
| ๅจ vs ๅจ็จ | Different readings of ๅจ | ใใคใ = container (kun); ใญ = in compounds (on) |
| ๅไบบ vs ่จผไบบ | Same reading, different kanji! | ๅไบบ = merchant; ่จผไบบ = witness โ context only |
| ๅใ vs ่ฏใ | Same reading, different nuance | ๅใ = morally good; ่ฏใ = generally good/quality |
| ๆฅต็ซฏ โ duplicated in raw file | Listed twice in Denisowski source | Same entry, noted as raw file artifact |
5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
Try writing short sentences or paragraphs using these combinations:
- ๅๅ + ๅ่ณช + ้่ฆ: Write about why a popular product suddenly lost customers.
- ๆค็ฉ + ้คๅ + ๆฅต็ซฏ: Describe the challenges of growing plants in extreme climates.
- ๅๆ + ๅทฎๅฅ + ๆนๅ: Discuss how good intentions alone aren't enough to fix social problems.
- ๅจ็จ + ๅ ็ซฏๆ่ก + ่ฆๆฅตใใ: A craftsman adapts to modern technology.
6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.
| # | Word | Your Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ไบคๅทฎ็น | |
| 2 | ๆ้ค | |
| 3 | ๅๆช | |
| 4 | ๅคๆงๆง | |
| 5 | ๆคๆฐๅฐ | |
| 6 | ๆฅต็ง | |
| 7 | ไธญ้ๅ็ซฏ | |
| 8 | ๅฟ ้ๅ | |
| 9 | ๅจ็จใช | |
| 10 | ไธๅใช | |
| 11 | ๅๅฃฒ | |
| 12 | ๅทฎใๆฏใใ |
Answers
- ใใใใฆใ
- ใใใใใ
- ใใใใ
- ใใใใใ
- ใใใใฟใใก
- ใใใฒ
- ใกใ ใใจใฏใใฑ
- ใฒใคใใ ใฒใ
- ใใใใช
- ใใใใฒใใช
- ใใใใฐใ
- ใใใคใใใ
7. ๐ Clean Challenge Versions (No Furigana)
For testing real retrieval and fluent reading, here are the three article topics without any furigana support. Try these after completing the supported versions to assess your kanji and vocabulary recognition.
Topic 1: ๅๅบ่กใฎๅคๅ
้ง ๅใฎๅๅบ่กใฏใๆ่ฟๆงๅญใๅคใใฃใฆใใพใใใไปฅๅใฏๅไบบใใกใๅ ๆฐใซๅๅฃฒใใใฆใใพใใใใไปใฏๅๅใใใใฎๅบใ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใๆฅ็จๅใๅฃฒใๅๅบใๅฐใชใใชใใๅ็ฉใฎๅ่ณชใไปฅๅใปใฉใงใฏใใใพใใใ
ๅ็คพใงๅใ็ฐไธญใใใฏใใๅๅใฎ้่ฆใๅคใใฃใใฎใๅๅ ใงใใใจ่จใใพใใ้ฃๅจใๆฅฝๅจใชใฉใฎ้จๅใใไปใฏใใใใง่ฒทใไบบใๅคใใงใใๅๆฅญใฎๆงๅญใๅคงใใๅคใใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใ
Topic 2: ๅๆฅตใฎๆค็ฉใจๅ ็ซฏ็ ็ฉถ
ๅๆฅตใฏๆฅต็ซฏใซๅฏใๅ ดๆใงใใใใใใซใๆค็ฉใ่ฒใฃใฆใใพใใ็งๅญฆ่ ใใกใฏใๅ ็ซฏๆ่กใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใใใฎๆค็ฉใฎ้คๅใ็ ็ฉถใใฆใใพใใ้็ซฏใซ็ใใ่ใจใฏๅคงใใชๅทฎใใใใพใใ
ใใใใใฎๆค็ฉใ้คใใใจใฏๆฅตใใฆ้ฃใใใใจๆงๅญใ่ชใ็ ็ฉถ่ ใใใพใใๅๆฅตใจๅๆฅตใฎๆๅทฎใๆธฉๅบฆๅทฎใ่ใใใจใๆค็ฉใๆคใใๅฎ้จใฏ็ฐกๅใงใฏใใใพใใใๅฟ ้ๅใฎๅจๅ ทใ็นๅฅใชใใฎใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใ
Topic 3: ๆ้คใจๅๆใฎ็คพไผ
ๆ้คใฎใใไบบใฏใๅๆใง่กๅใใใใจใๅคใใงใใๅใจๆชใฎๅทฎใ็่งฃใใๆงใ ใชไบบใๅทฎๅฅใใพใใใๅ่ฏใชๅฟใฏใ้คๅญใ่ฟใใๅฎถๅบญใงใ่ฆใใใพใใๅญใฉใใ้ค่ฒใใไธญใงใไผ้คใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใ
ๅคๆงใช็คพไผใงใฏใๅๆชใฎๅคๆญใ้ฃใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใๆฅต็ซฏใช่ใๆนใฏๆนๅใในใใงใใ็ฅๆงใฎใใใชๅฎ็งใชๅญๅจใฏใใพใใใใ่ฆชๅใฎๆฐๆใกใๅคงๅใซใใใใจใๅใ็คพไผใไฝใ็ฌฌไธๆญฉใงใใ
๐ Notes
๐ญ This lesson has an unusually large vocabulary set โ ๅ alone has 11 entries and ๅ has 7. Budget extra review time for these two.
๐ญ ๅทฎใ is deceptively simple but produces four compound verbs with very different meanings. Master these as a family.
๐ญ The ๅไบบ/่จผไบบ homophone (ใใใใซใ) is a classic listening-comprehension trap โ appears in JLPT and ๆผขๆค alike.
๐ญ Raw file issues: ๅคๆงใ should be ๅคๆงๅ; ๆฅ็จๅ "necesities" โ "necessities"; ๆฅต็ซฏใช is listed twice.
References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 47, Kanji 674โ684) | Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0