KIC Lesson 52 Workbook
Table of Contents
- # 1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
- # 1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
- # 2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
-
# 3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
- ## 726 โ ็บ (do)
- ## 727 โ ็ธ (affinity)
- ## 728 โ ๆน (reformation)
- ## 729 โ ๅญ (filial piety)
- ## 730 โ ้ (needle)
- ## 731 โ ้ (drunk)
- ## 732 โ ็ตถ (discontinue)
- ## 733 โ ็ท (general)
- ## 734 โ ็ด (settlement)
- ## 735 โ ้ (distribute)
- ## 736 โ ็ท (green)
- ## 737 โ ่ (old man)
- ## 738 โ ้ฒ (record)
- # 4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
- # 5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
- # 6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
- # ๐ Notes
Focus: Correction and consequence โ a company reforms itself (ๆน, ็ท) while wondering who's really in control (้ , ็บ); old ties loosen or hold with age over one drink too many (็ธ, ่, ๅญ, ้ ) and a candid word about direction (้); and what's lost for good (็ตถ, ็ท) still gets paid for and put on record (็ด, ้ฒ). Range: Characters 726โ738 โ ็บ, ็ธ, ๆน, ๅญ, ้, ้ , ็ตถ, ็ท, ็ด, ้ , ็ท, ่, ้ฒ Companion: Kanji Reference โ radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order
This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 52. It includes:
- โ Readings and meanings reference table
- โ Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
- โ Contextual reading practice articles (ร3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
- โ Complete vocabulary list
- โ Targeted study aids and tips
- โ Quick self-test with answers
1. ๐ Readings and Meanings Table
| No. | Kanji | Meaning | On'yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) | Kun'yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 726 | ็บ | do, change, make | ใค | ใใ, ใช.ใ, ใช.ใ, ใ.ใ, ใใ, ใคใ.ใ, ใชใ |
| 727 | ็ธ | affinity, relation, connection | ใจใณ, -ใใณ | ใตใก, ใตใก.ใฉใ, ใใใ, ใใใ, ใธใ, ใใซใ |
| 728 | ๆน | reformation, change, modify | ใซใค | ใใใ.ใใ, ใใใ.ใพใ |
| 729 | ๅญ | filial piety, child's respect | ใณใฆ, ใญใงใฆ | (ใชใ) |
| 730 | ้ | needle, pin, staple | ใทใณ | ใฏใ |
| 731 | ้ | drunk, feel sick, poisoned | ในใค | ใ.ใ, ใ.ใ, ใ |
| 732 | ็ตถ | discontinue, sever, cut off | ใผใ | ใ.ใใ, ใ.ใใ, ใ.ใค |
| 733 | ็ท | general, whole, all | ใฝใฆ | ใ.ในใฆ, ใใน.ใฆ, ใตใ |
| 734 | ็ด | settlement, obtain, reap | ใใฆ, ใใ, ใ, ใใณ, ใใฆ | ใใ.ใใ, -ใใ.ใใ, ใใ.ใพใ |
| 735 | ้ | distribute, spouse, exile | ใใค | ใใฐ.ใ |
| 736 | ็ท | green | ใชใงใฏ, ใญใฏ | ใฟใฉใ |
| 737 | ่ | old man, old age, grow old | ใญใฆ | ใ.ใใ, ใต.ใใ |
| 738 | ้ฒ | record | ใญใฏ | ใใ.ใ, ใจ.ใ |
1B. ๐ Sound Components & Phonetic Series
The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?
For full structural analysis โ radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order โ see the Kanji Reference companion file.
Phonetic Series Summary
| Sound Component | Reading | Kanji in this lesson | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| shared right-hand component of ็ท/้ฒ (carve/filter, disputed origin) | ใญใฏ | ็ท, ้ฒ | Clean pair โ identical component, identical ใญใฏ reading. ็ท additionally carries ใชใงใฏ in several compounds (ๆฐ็ท, ็ทๅฐ, ่็ท็ด ); ้ฒ is consistently ใญใฏ. |
| ๆค / ๅฑ (window, hasty) | ใฝใฆ | ็ท | Singleton within the lesson, but a real series outside it: ็ช (window), ่ก (astute) โ both also ใฝใฆ. |
๐ก Lesson highlight: This chapter's structural spine is the ็ณธ (thread) cluster โ five of thirteen kanji (็ธ, ็ตถ, ็ท, ็ด, ็ท) share ็ณธ as their left-hand radical, the lesson's largest cluster (matching Ch. 51's ๆต density). But unlike a true phonetic series, ็ณธ here is a weak predictor of modern meaning: it fans out from the literal "dyed thread" (็ท, green) to entirely metaphorical uses (็ธ affinity, ็ตถ severance, ็ท totality, ็ด payment) โ a clean case study in "radical tells you an origin, not a definition." The chapter's one clean phonetic pair is ็ท/้ฒ, both carrying the same right-hand component for an identical ใญใฏ reading. A second small cluster, ้ /้ , shares ้ (sake jar) but splits into different formation types (ๅฝขๅฃฐ vs. ไผๆ) โ even a shared radical doesn't guarantee a shared word-formation pattern.
2. ๐ฐ Contextual Reading Practice
Each topic has two versions: ๐ข N3/N2 Level โ simpler structures, ใงใ/ใพใ register, core compounds. ๐ด Advanced Level โ natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (็บ ็ธ ๆน ๅญ ้ ้ ็ตถ ็ท ็ด ้ ็ท ่ ้ฒ) appear unglossed throughout โ read them actively.
๐๏ธ Topic 1: ไผ็คพใๆนใใ โ ๆ ชไธป็ทไผใฎไธๆฅ
๐ข N3/N2 Version
็ฐไธญใใใฎไผ็คพใฏไปๅนดใ็ตๅถใๅคงใใๆนใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ็คพ้ทใฏใไผ็คพใใใฃใจ่ฏใใใใใใซใๅคใใใๆนใๆนใใพใใใจ่จใใพใใใ็คพๅกใใกใฏๅฐใๅฟ้ ใใพใใใใ็คพ้ทใฏใๅฟ้ ใใชใใงใใ ใใใใฟใใชใงไธ็ทใซ่ฏใใชใใพใใใใใจ่ฉฑใใพใใใ
ๅ ้ฑใๆ ชไธป็ทไผใใใใพใใใ็ทไผใงใฏใไผ็คพใฎ็ทๅ็ใช่จ็ปใซใคใใฆ่ชฌๆใใใใพใใใ่ณๆใ้ ใไฟใฎไบบใใจใฆใๅฟใใใใงใใใๆ ชไธปใฎไธไบบใฏใใใฎไผ็คพใฏ่ชฐใๆฏ้ ใใฆใใพใใใใจ่ณชๅใใพใใใ็คพ้ทใฏใ็ตถๅฏพใซๅ ฌๆญฃใช็ตๅถใใใพใใใจ็ดๆใใพใใใ
ๆ่ฟใๅๅฎใง็บๆฟ็ธๅ ดใๅคงใใๅใใฆใใพใใ่ผธๅ ฅใฎๅคๆฎตใไธใใฃใฆใไผ็คพใฎๅฉ็ใซๅฝฑ้ฟใใใใพใใใใใ็คพ้ทใฏใใใใฏไผ็คพใๆนๅใใ่ฏใๆฉไผใงใใใจๅๅใใซ่ใใฆใใพใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆนใใ, ๅฟ้ , ็ทไผ, ็ทๅ็ใช, ้ ใ, ๆฏ้ , ็ตถๅฏพใซ, ็บๆฟ็ธๅ ด, ๆนๅ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆฌๅนดๅบฆใ็ฐไธญๆฐใ็ใใไผๆฅญใฏใ็ตๅถใฎๆ นๆฌใใๆงๆฅใฎๆ ฃ่กใๆนใใในใๅใๅบใใใใใ็ทๅ็ใช่ฆ็นใใไบๆฅญใ่ฆ็ดใๆน้ใ็คบใใใใๅพๆฅญๅกใฎ้ใซใฏไธๆนใฎไธๅฎใใใฃใใใ็ตๅถ้ฃใฏใ้ๅบฆใซๅฟ้ ใใๅฟ ่ฆใฏใชใใใจๅผท่ชฟใใใ
ๅ ้ฑ้ๅฌใใใๆ ชไธป็ทไผใงใฏใ็ทๅ็ใชไธญๆ่จ็ปใๆ็คบใใใๅบๅธญ่ ใซ่ณๆใ้ ใใใใไธ้จใฎๆ ชไธปใใใฏใ่ชฐใๅฎ่ณช็ใซไผ็คพใๆฏ้ ใใฆใใใฎใใๅใๅฃฐใไธใใฃใใใ็คพ้ทใฏใ็ตถๅฏพใซๅ ฌๆญฃใช็ตๅถใ่ฒซใใใจๆ่จใใใ
่ถณๅ ใฎ็บๆฟ็ธๅ ดใฎๅคๅใฏ่ผธๅ ฅใณในใใๆผใไธใใๅ็ใๅง่ฟซใใฆใใใใจใฏใใ็ตๅถ้ฃใฏใใใใไบๆฅญใๆนๅใใๅฅๆฉใใจไฝ็ฝฎใฅใใๅๅใใชๅงฟๅขใๅดฉใใฆใใชใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ๆนใใ, ๅฟ้ , ็ทไผ, ็ทๅ็ใช, ้ ใ, ๆฏ้ , ็ตถๅฏพใซ, ็บๆฟ็ธๅ ด, ๆนๅ
๐๏ธ Topic 2: ๅ็ชไผใจ่ฆชๅญ่ก
๐ข N3/N2 Version
้ซๆ กๆไปฃใฎๅ้ใจใไน ใใถใใซๅ็ชไผใงไผใใพใใใๆใฎ่ฉฑใใใฆใใใใใฟใใชๆใใใใฆใๅฐใใ้ ใ้ฃฒใฟใใใพใใใ้ฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใใๅฑฑ็ฐใใใฏๅฎๅ จใซ้ ใฃๆใฃใฆใใฆใ้ข็ฝใใใจใใใใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใพใใใ
ไผใฎไธญใงใใฟใใชใไปใฎไปไบใไบบ็ใฎ้่ทฏใซใคใใฆ่ฉฑใใพใใใ้ดๆจใใใฏใไผ็คพใฎๆน้ใ่ชๅใซๅใใชใใฆใ่ปข่ทใใใใจ่จใใพใใใๆใใใฎ็ธใฏๅคงๅใ ใจใใฟใใชๆนใใฆๆใใพใใใ
ๅธฐใๅใซใๅฎๅฎถใซไฝใไธก่ฆชใ่จชใญใพใใใ็ธๅดใซๅบงใฃใฆใ่ถใ้ฃฒใฟใชใใ็ถใจ่ฉฑใใพใใใ็ถใฏๅนดใๅใฃใฆๅฐใ่ใใฆใใพใใใใใพใ ๅ ๆฐใงใใ่ฆชๅญ่กใฎใคใใใงใใใพใซใฏ้ป่ฉฑใใใใใใจๆใใพใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ้ ใฃๆใ, ้่ทฏ, ๆน้, ็ธ, ๆนใใฆ, ็ธๅด, ่ใใ, ่ฆชๅญ่ก
๐ด Advanced Version
้ซๆ กๅๆฅญใใไบๅๅนดใ็ตใฆ้ๅฌใใใๅ็ชไผใฏใๆงไบคใๆธฉใใๆฐๅฅฝใฎๆฉไผใจใชใฃใใๅพๆใๆๅคใใไผ่ฉฑใๅผพใไธญใๆฏใ้ใญใใใฆใใฃใใ้ ใใคใถใใ่ ใๆฃ่ฆใใใใ
่ฉฑ้กใฏๅ่ชใฎๆญฉใใงใใ้่ทฏใธใจ็งปใใ้ดๆจๆฐใฏใๅ่ทใฎๆน้ใซ้ๅๆใ่ฆใใ่ปข่ทใๆฑบๆใใใใจๆฏใ่ฟใฃใใ้ทๅนด็้ ใซใชใฃใฆใใ็ธใใใใใใฆๅใณ็ตใณ็ดใใใๆงใใไธๅใฏๆนใใฆๅฎๆใใใ
ๆฃไผๅพใๅฎๅฎถใงๆฎใใไธก่ฆชใ่จชใญใใ็ธๅดใง่ถใ้ ใฟไบคใใใชใใ็ถใจ่ชใๅใฃใใๅนดใ้ใญๅนพๅ่ใใ็ถใฎๅงฟใซๆใฎๆตใใๅฎๆใใคใคใ่ฆชๅญ่กใฎ็ไผผไบใจใใฆใใใใใใฏ้ ป็นใซ้ฃ็ตกใๅใใใจๅฟใซๆฑบใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ้ ใใคใถใใ, ้่ทฏ, ๆน้, ่ปข่ท, ็ธ, ๆนใใฆ, ็ธๅด, ่ใใ, ่ฆชๅญ่ก
๐๏ธ Topic 3: ็ตถๆป ๅฑๆง็จฎใ่จ้ฒใใ
๐ข N3/N2 Version
ๆฃฎใฎ็ทใๅนดใ ๆธใฃใฆใใพใใๅฐ้ๅฎถใซใใใจใใใฎๅฐๅใฎ็ทๅฐใฏ้็บใฎใใใซๆฅ้ใซๅคฑใใใฆใใฆใใใใคใใฎๅ็ฉใ็ตถๆป ใฎๅฑๆฉใซใใใใใงใใๅธใฏๆฏๅนดใใใฎๆฃฎใฎๆงๅญใ่จ้ฒใใใใใซ่ชฟๆปใ่กใฃใฆใใพใใ
่ชฟๆปๅกใใกใฏใซใกใฉใงๅ็ฉใฎๅ็ใๆฎใใ้ณดใๅฃฐใ้ฒ้ณใใพใใ็ฉบใใๆงๅญใ้ฒ็ปใใใใจใใใใพใใๆฐ็ทใฎๅญฃ็ฏใซใชใใจใๆค็ฉใฎ่็ท็ด ใฎ้ใๆธฌใ่ชฟๆปใ่กใใใพใใใ็ตถใใใฆใฏใใใชใ่ช็ถใๅฎใใใใซใๆญฃ็ขบใช่จ้ฒใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใใจ่ชฟๆปๅกใฏ่ฉฑใใพใใใ
ใใฎๆดปๅใฏใๅธๆฐใ็ดใใ็จ้ใฎไธ้จใงๆฏใใใใฆใใพใใใ็งใใกใ็ด็จใใใ้ใใใใใใฆ่ช็ถใๅฎใใใใซไฝฟใใใฆใใใฎใฏๅฌใใใใจใงใใใจใใไฝๆฐใฏ่ชใใพใใใใใใใไบ็ฎใ็ตถใใ่ถณใใชใใจใใๅ้กใใใใพใใใ็ตถๆป ๅฑๆง็จฎใๆ น็ตถใใใชใใใใซใไปใงใใใใจใ็ถใใใใใจ่ชฟๆปๅกใฏ็ตใณใพใใใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ็ท, ็ทๅฐ, ็ตถๆป , ่จ้ฒ, ้ฒ้ณ, ้ฒ็ป, ๆฐ็ท, ่็ท็ด , ็ตถใใ, ็ดใใ, ็ด็จ, ็ตถใใ, ๆ น็ตถ
๐ด Advanced Version
ๆฃฎๆใฎ็ทใๅนดใ ๆธๅฐใฎไธ้ใใใฉใฃใฆใใใๅฐ้ๅฎถใฎๆๆใซใใใฐใๅฝ่ฉฒๅฐๅใฎ็ทๅฐใฏๅฎ ๅฐ้็บใซใใๆฅ้ใซ็ธฎๅฐใใฆใใใ่คๆฐใฎๅ็ฉ็จฎใ็ตถๆป ใฎๅฑๆฉใซ็ใใฆใใใๅธใฏๆฏๅนดใใใฎๆฃฎใฎ็ๆ ใ่จ้ฒใในใ็ถ็ถ็ใช่ชฟๆปใ่กใฃใฆใใใ
่ชฟๆปๅกใใฏใซใกใฉใงๅ็ฉใฎ็ๆ ใๆใใ้ณดใๅฃฐใ้ฒ้ณใใใไธ็ฉบใใๆงๅญใ้ฒ็ปใใใใจใใใใๆฐ็ทใฎๆๆใซใฏใๆค็ฉใฎ่็ท็ด ใฎ้ใๆธฌๅฎใใ่ชฟๆปใๅฎๆฝใใใใใๅคฑใใใใฐไบๅบฆใจๆปใใชใ่ช็ถใๅฎใใซใฏใๆญฃ็ขบใช่จ้ฒใไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใใใจ่ชฟๆปๅกใฏ่ชใใ
ใใฎๆดปๅใฏใๅธๆฐใ็ดใใ็จ้ใฎไธ้จใซใใฃใฆๆฏใใใใฆใใใใ่ชๅใ็ด็จใใ้ใใใใใใฆ่ช็ถไฟ่ญทใซๅ ใฆใใใฆใใใฎใฏๆ็พฉๆทฑใใใจใใไฝๆฐใฏ่ชใฃใใใใใใไบ็ฎใ็ตถใใไธ่ถณใใฆใใใจใใ่ชฒ้กใๆฑใใฆใใใใ็ตถๆป ๅฑๆง็จฎใๆ น็ตถใใใชใใใใซใไปใงใใใใจใ็ฉใฟ้ใญใใใใจ่ชฟๆปๅกใฏ็ตใใ ใ
Key Vocabulary Used: ็ท, ็ทๅฐ, ็ตถๆป , ่จ้ฒ, ้ฒ้ณ, ้ฒ็ป, ๆฐ็ท, ่็ท็ด , ็ดใใ, ็ด็จ, ็ตถใใ, ๆ น็ตถ
3. ๐ Complete Vocabulary List
Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see ๐ Notes.
726 โ ็บ (do)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ก็บ | ใใใ | act, deed, behavior, conduct |
| ไบบ็บ็ใช | ใใใใฆใใช | artificial |
| ็กไฝ็บ | ใใใใ | random (sampling) |
| ็บๆฟ่ | ใใใใใ | statesman |
| ็บๆฟ็ธๅ ด | ใใใใใใฐ | exchange rate |
| ็บๆฟใฌใผใ | ใใใใฌใผใ | exchange rate |
| ็บๆฟ | ใใใ | currency |
727 โ ็ธ (affinity)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ธ | ใใ | fate, karma |
| ๅ ็ธ | ใใใญใ | cause |
| ็ธๅด | ใใใใ | veranda |
| ็ธ | ใตใก | edge |
728 โ ๆน (reformation)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆน่ฏ | ใใใใใ | improve |
| ๆนๆญฃ | ใใใใ | revise, amend |
| ๆนๅ | ใใใใ | make better |
| ๆนใใฆ | ใใใใใฆ | newly, again, formally |
| ๆนใใ | ใใใใใ | revise, change, renew |
729 โ ๅญ (filial piety)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ฆชๅญ่ก | ใใใใใใ | filial piety |
| ่ฆชไธๅญ | ใใใตใใ | disrespect to one's parents |
730 โ ้ (needle)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๆน้ | ใปใใใ | policy, guidelines |
| ้่ทฏ | ใใใ | course, direction (of a ship, airplane, etc.) |
| ้ | ใฏใ | needle |
| ้้ | ใฏใใใญ | wire |
731 โ ้ (drunk)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้ ใ | ใใ | get drunk |
| ้ ใฃๆใ | ใใฃใฑใใ | drunk |
| ้บป้ | ใพใใ | anesthesia |
732 โ ็ตถ (discontinue)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ตถๅฏพใซ | ใใฃใใใซ | definitely |
| ็ตถๆ | ใใคใผใ | despair |
| ็ตถๆ็ใช | ใใคใผใใฆใใช | hopeless |
| ็ตถๅคงใช | ใใคใ ใใช | full or total (support) |
| ๆ น็ตถ | ใใใใค | exterminate, eradicate |
| ็ตถๆป | ใใคใใค | be extinct |
| ็ตถใใ | ใใใ | continuosly, incessantly, all the time |
| ็ตถใใ | ใใใ | cease, die |
| ็ตถใใ | ใใใ | run out of, exhaust |
| ็ตถใค | ใใค | stop (drinking, smoking, etc.) |
733 โ ็ท (general)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ทๅ็ใช | ใใใใใฆใใช | comprehensive |
| ็ท่จ | ใใใใ | grand total; total |
| ็ทไผ | ใใใใ | general assembly |
| ๅฝๆฐ็ท็็ฃ | ใใใฟใใใใใใใ | gross national product |
| ็ท็ๅคง่ฃ | ใใใใ ใใใ | prime minister |
734 โ ็ด (settlement)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ดๅพ | ใชใฃใจใ | understand, give one's consent to |
| ็ด็จ | ใฎใใใ | pay a tax |
| ็ดใใ | ใใใใ | pay, supply, store |
| ็ดๅฑ | ใชใ | barn, shed |
| ๅบ็ด | ใใใจใ | receipts and disbursements |
| ๅบ็ดไฟ | ใใใจใใใใ | cashier, teller |
| ็ดๆธ | ใชใใฉ | closet |
735 โ ้ (distribute)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ๅฟ้ | ใใใฑใ | worry |
| ๆฏ้ | ใใฏใ | conquer, rule |
| ้ ้ | ใฏใใใค | deliver |
| ้ ใ | ใใฐใ | distribute, deliver |
736 โ ็ท (green)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ็ท | ใฟใฉใ | green |
| ็ท่ฒ | ใฟใฉใใใ | green |
| ๆฐ็ท | ใใใใใ | fresh verdure |
| ็ทๅฐ | ใใใใก | green zone |
| ่็ท็ด | ใใใใใใ | chlorophyll |
| ็ท้ | ใใใใใ | copper or green rust, patina |
737 โ ่ (old man)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ่ไบบ | ใใใใ | old person |
| ้ท่ | ใกใใใใ | elder (of a village, etc.) |
| ่ๅญ | ใใใ | Lao-Tse |
| ่ใใ | ใตใใ | grow old (in terms of appearance) |
| ่ใใ | ใใใ | grow old |
738 โ ้ฒ (record)
| Vocabulary | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ้ฒ้ณ | ใใใใ | record (speech, sound, etc.) |
| ้ฒ็ป | ใใใ | record on videotape |
| ่จ้ฒ | ใใใ | record |
| ไป้ฒ | ใตใใ | supplement |
4. ๐ก Study Aids & Learning Tips
A. Semantic Grouping
| Group | Kanji | Key Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Reform & action | ็บ, ๆน | ่ก็บ, ไบบ็บ็ใช, ็บๆฟ่ , ็บๆฟ, ็บๆฟ็ธๅ ด, ๆน่ฏ, ๆนๆญฃ, ๆนๅ, ๆนใใ, ๆนใใฆ |
| Ties that bind or break | ็ธ, ็ตถ | ็ธ, ๅ ็ธ, ็ธๅด, ็ตถๅฏพใซ, ็ตถๆ, ็ตถๆ็ใช, ็ตถๅคงใช, ๆ น็ตถ, ็ตถๆป , ็ตถใใ, ็ตถใใ, ็ตถใค |
| Family & age | ๅญ, ่ | ่ฆชๅญ่ก, ่ฆชไธๅญ, ่ไบบ, ้ท่, ่ๅญ, ่ใใ, ่ใใ |
| Distribution & impairment | ้ , ้ | ๅฟ้ , ๆฏ้ , ้ ใ, ้ ้, ้ ใ, ้ ใฃๆใ, ้บป้ |
| Totals, payment, and record | ็ท, ็ด, ้ฒ | ็ทๅ็ใช, ็ท่จ, ็ทไผ, ๅฝๆฐ็ท็็ฃ, ็ท็ๅคง่ฃ, ็ดๅพ, ็ด็จ, ็ดใใ, ๅบ็ด, ่จ้ฒ, ้ฒ้ณ, ้ฒ็ป, ไป้ฒ |
| Tools & nature | ้, ็ท | ๆน้, ้่ทฏ, ้, ้้, ็ท, ็ท่ฒ, ๆฐ็ท, ็ทๅฐ, ่็ท็ด , ็ท้ |
B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation
| Reading | Kanji | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใค | ็บ | act, artificial | ่ก็บ |
| ใจใณ | ็ธ | affinity, edge | ๅ ็ธ |
| ใซใค | ๆน | reform, revise | ๆนๆญฃ |
| ใณใฆ | ๅญ | filial piety | ่ฆชๅญ่ก |
| ใทใณ | ้ | needle, policy | ๆน้ |
| ในใค | ้ | drunk | ้บป้ |
| ใผใ | ็ตถ | cut off, absolute | ็ตถๆ |
| ใฝใฆ | ็ท | general, total | ็ทไผ |
| ใใฆ | ็ด | pay, store | ็ด็จ |
| ใใค | ้ | distribute | ้ ้ |
| ใชใงใฏ / ใญใฏ | ็ท | green | ๆฐ็ท |
| ใญใฆ | ่ | old | ่ไบบ |
| ใญใฏ | ้ฒ | record | ่จ้ฒ |
Watch: ็ด is unusually reading-rich (ใใฆ, ใใ, ใ, ใใณ, and even ใใฆ in ๅบ็ด) โ a rare case where per-compound memorization beats deriving the reading from the component. See Watch Out below.
C. Kun'yomi Verbs
| Verb | Reading | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๆนใใ | ใใใใใ | revise, correct, renew | ่ฆๅใๆนใใ |
| ้ ใ | ใใฐใ | distribute, hand out | ่ณๆใ้ ใ |
| ้ ใ | ใใ | get drunk | ใ้ ใซ้ ใ |
| ็ตถใใ | ใใใ | cease, die out | ้ณใ็ตถใใ |
| ็ตถใใ | ใใใ | let something run out | ็ซใ็ตถใใใชใ |
| ็ตถใค | ใใค | cut off (deliberately) | ็ธใ็ตถใค |
| ็ดใใ | ใใใใ | pay in, store, settle | ็จ้ใ็ดใใ |
| ่ใใ | ใใใ | grow old (general) | ่บซใ่ใใ |
| ่ใใ | ใตใใ | grow old (in appearance) | ใใฃใใ่ใใ |
D. ๐ The โฝท (Thread) Radical Cluster โ Same Radical, Different Meanings
Five of this lesson's thirteen kanji (็ธ, ็ตถ, ็ท, ็ด, ็ท) share ็ณธ as their left-hand radical โ a striking density, but unlike a phonetic series it does not predict a shared modern meaning. This is a clean example of the "radical โ semantic component" trap: ็ณธ tells you these words have a thread-related origin, not what they mean today.
| Kanji | Right component | Role of ็ณธ | Modern meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ็ธ | ๅฝ (phonetic ใจใณ) | a connecting/bordering thread | affinity, edge |
| ็ตถ | cutting-blade component | a thread being severed | discontinue, absolute |
| ็ท | ๆค (phonetic ใฝใฆ) | threads bundled together | general, whole |
| ็ด | ๅ (semantic "inside") | cloth/goods brought in | pay, store, settle |
| ็ท | ๅฝ (phonetic ใญใฏ) | dyed thread | the color green |
Takeaway: seeing ็ณธ on an unfamiliar kanji is a weak predictor of meaning โ treat it as a historical clue about the word's origin, not a shortcut to its definition. Contrast this with the tight ๆต cluster in Lesson 51, where the shared radical carried one consistent semantic role throughout.
E. Watch Out! โ ๏ธ
| Item | Trap | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| ๅบ็ด (ใใใจใ) | Expecting ็ด to read ใใฆ | ็ด reads ใใฆ here โ one of the chapter's few genuinely irregular readings. Memorize ๅบ็ด as a fixed unit rather than deriving it. |
| ๆนใใ vs ๆนใพใ | Confusing transitive/intransitive | ๆนใใ = someone actively revises something (transitive); ๆนใพใ = something becomes formal/revised on its own (intransitive) โ ๆนใพใฃใๆ ๅบฆ "a formal manner." |
| ็ตถใใ vs ็ตถใใ vs ็ตถใค | Three verbs, one kanji | ็ตถใใ (intransitive: dies out on its own); ็ตถใใ (transitive: lets something run out โ ็ซใ็ตถใใ); ็ตถใค (transitive: deliberately cuts off โ ๅฝใ็ตถใค, ็ธใ็ตถใค). |
| ่ใใ vs ่ใใ | Both "grow old" | ่ใใ = aging in general (mind and body, more literary); ่ใใ = specifically about looking older. |
| ็บๆฟ (ใใใ) | Reading as ใใใใ or ใใใ | ใใใ โ an irregular compound reading with no direct kanji-to-kana mapping; memorize it as a fixed unit. |
| ็ธ (ใใ vs ใตใก) | Same kanji, unrelated-feeling meanings | ใใ = fate/relationship/connection (ไบบใฎ็ธ, ๅ ็ธ); ใตใก = a physical edge/rim. Context, not kanji shape, tells you which. |
5. โ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts
-
ไผ็คพใๅญฆๆ กใง็ต้จใใใไฝใใๆนใใๅบๆฅไบใซใคใใฆๆธใใฆใใ ใใใไฝใใใชใๆนใใพใใใใใใฎ็ตๆใฉใใชใใพใใใใ(Use: ๆนใใ, ๆนๅ, ๆนๆญฃ, ๅฟ้ )
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ๅ็ชไผใไน ใใถใใซไผใฃใๅ้ใจใฎๆใๅบใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๆใใใฎ็ธใซใคใใฆใใพใ่ชๅใฎ้่ทฏ(ไบบ็ใฎๆนๅ)ใซใคใใฆ่ใใใใจใฏใใใพใใใ(Use: ็ธ, ้่ทฏ, ๆน้, ๆนใใฆ)
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่ฆชๅญ่กใซใคใใฆใใใชใ่ช่บซใฎ็ต้จใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใๅนดใๅใฃใๅฎถๆใฎใใใซไฝใใใพใใใใ(Use: ่ฆชๅญ่ก, ่ใใ, ่ไบบ)
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็ตถๆป ๅฑๆง็จฎใ็ฐๅขไฟ่ญทใซใคใใฆใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใจใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใ็ทใ่ช็ถใๅฎใใใใซใ็งใใกใใงใใใใจใฏไฝใงใใใใใ(Use: ็ตถๆป , ็ท, ่จ้ฒ, ็ด็จ)
6. ๐งช Quick Self-Test
Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.
| # | Word | Your Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ็บๆฟ | |
| 2 | ็ธๅด | |
| 3 | ๆนใใ | |
| 4 | ่ฆชๅญ่ก | |
| 5 | ๆน้ | |
| 6 | ้บป้ | |
| 7 | ็ตถๆ | |
| 8 | ็ท็ๅคง่ฃ | |
| 9 | ๅบ็ด | |
| 10 | ๆฏ้ | |
| 11 | ๆฐ็ท | |
| 12 | ่จ้ฒ |
Answers
- ใใใ
- ใใใใ
- ใใใใใ
- ใใใใใใ
- ใปใใใ
- ใพใใ
- ใใคใผใ
- ใใใใ ใใใ
- ใใใจใ
- ใใฏใ
- ใใใใใ
- ใใใ
After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 52 --write to fill answers.
๐ Notes
Chapter 52: no corrections needed โ the Denisowski raw vocabulary list checked clean against standard readings.
References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 52, Kanji 726โ738) ยท Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (
http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_052.txt)