KIC Lesson 23 Workbook

on 2026-10-04 | ๏€— 34 minute read

Focus: The everyday workhorse set โ€” counting people (ๅ“ก), scoring points (็‚น), hitting the mark (ๅฝ“), and telling the special (็‰น) from the separate (ๅˆฅ), rounded out by nature and open fields (็„ถ, ้‡Ž), loss (ๆ), absence (็„ก), and foresight (ไบˆ): ten of the most compound-productive kanji in the book. Range: Characters 395โ€“404 โ€” ๅ“ก, ็„ถ, ๆ, ็‚น, ๅฝ“, ็‰น, ๅˆฅ, ็„ก, ้‡Ž, ไบˆ Companion: Kanji Reference โ€” radicals, functional components, etymology, and stroke order

This workbook is designed for systematic study of Lesson 23. It includes:

  • โœ… Readings and meanings reference table
  • โœ… Sound components & phonetic series (full structural analysis in the Reference)
  • โœ… Contextual reading practice articles (ร—3, each in N3/N2 and Advanced versions, with furigana toggle)
  • โœ… Complete vocabulary list
  • โœ… Targeted study aids and tips
  • โœ… Quick self-test with answers

1. ๐Ÿ“– Readings and Meanings Table

No.KanjiMeaningOn'yomi (้Ÿณ่ชญใฟ)Kun'yomi (่จ“่ชญใฟ)
395ๅ“กemployee, member, numberใ‚คใƒณ(ใชใ—)
396็„ถsort of thing, so, if soใ‚ผใƒณ, ใƒใƒณใ—ใ‹, ใ—ใ‹.ใ‚Š, ใ—ใ‹.ใ—, ใ•
397ๆdamage, loss, disadvantageใ‚ฝใƒณใใ“.ใชใ†, ใใ“ใช.ใ†, -ใใ“.ใชใ†, ใใ“.ใญใ‚‹, -ใใ“.ใญใ‚‹
398็‚นspot, point, markใƒ†ใƒณใค.ใ‘ใ‚‹, ใค.ใ, ใŸ.ใฆใ‚‹, ใ•.ใ™, ใจใผ.ใ™, ใจใ‚‚.ใ™, ใผใก
399ๅฝ“hit, right, appropriateใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚.ใŸใ‚‹, ใ‚.ใŸใ‚Š, ใ‚.ใฆใ‚‹, ใ‚.ใฆ, ใพใ•.ใซ, ใพใ•.ใซในใ—
400็‰นspecialใƒˆใ‚ฏ(ใชใ—)
401ๅˆฅseparate, branch off, divergeใƒ™ใƒ„ใ‚ใ‹.ใ‚Œใ‚‹, ใ‚.ใ‘ใ‚‹
402็„กnothingness, none, ain'tใƒ , ใƒ–ใช.ใ„
403้‡Žplains, field, rusticใƒค, ใ‚ทใƒงใฎ, ใฎ-
404ไบˆbeforehand, previous, myselfใƒจ, ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ˜.ใ‚

1B. ๐Ÿ” Sound Components & Phonetic Series

The high-leverage insight for predicting on'yomi during article reading: which kanji share a sound component, and what reading does that component carry?

For full structural analysis โ€” radicals, functional components (meaning / sound / form), per-kanji etymology, and stroke order โ€” see the Kanji Reference companion file.

Phonetic Series Summary

Sound ComponentReadingIn This LessonOther Common Kanji
ๅ“ก (member/round)ใ‚คใƒณโ†’ใ‚ฝใƒณๅ“ก, ๆ*ๅ“ก (ใ‚คใƒณ) is itself the sound component of ๆ (ใ‚ฝใƒณ, drifted) โ€” an in-lesson pair. Also ้Ÿป (ใ‚คใƒณ "rhyme").
ไบˆ (beforehand)ใƒจโ†’ใƒคไบˆ, ้‡Ž*ไบˆ (ใƒจ) is the sound in ้‡Ž (ใƒค, drifted) โ€” the lesson's second in-lesson pair. Also ้  (ใƒจ "deposit" โ€” L38), ๅบ (ใ‚ธใƒง "order").
ๅ  (divine/occupy)ใ‚ปใƒณโ†’ใƒ†ใƒณ็‚น*ๅ  (ใ‚ปใƒณ) shifts to ใƒ†ใƒณ in both ็‚น and ๅบ— (shop โ€” L3). Same series, identical reading โ€” ็‚น/ๅบ— rhyme for a reason.
็„ถ (so, thus)ใƒใƒณ็„ถ็„ถ is itself the sound (and origin) of ็‡ƒ (ใƒใƒณ "burn" โ€” L64): ็‡ƒ is literally ็„ถ with ็ซ re-added.
ๅฏบ (temple)ใ‚ธโ†’ใƒˆใ‚ฏ*็‰น*The ๅฏบ series drifts wildly: ๆ™‚ (ใ‚ธ), ๆŒ (ใ‚ธ โ€” L6), ๅพ… (ใ‚ฟใ‚ค โ€” L8), ็ญ‰ (ใƒˆใ‚ฆ), ็‰น (ใƒˆใ‚ฏ). Recognize the component; don't trust the reading.

๐Ÿ’ก Lesson highlight: This lesson contains two complete phonetic pairs inside the lesson itself โ€” ๅ“กโ†’ๆ (ใ‚คใƒณโ†’ใ‚ฝใƒณ) and ไบˆโ†’้‡Ž (ใƒจโ†’ใƒค) โ€” a rarity worth exploiting: learn each pair together, since mastering ๅ“ก and ไบˆ gives you most of ๆ and ้‡Ž for free. The โฝ•/็ฌ radical appears three times (็„ถ, ็‚น, ็„ก) but is genuinely "fire" only in ็„ถ and ็‚น; in ็„ก the four dots are a corrupted dancer's tassels โ€” see Section 4D. Compound pairing within the lesson is dense: ๅฝ“็„ถ (ๅฝ“+็„ถ) and ็‰นๅˆฅใช (็‰น+ๅˆฅ) each fuse two focus kanji into one high-frequency word.


2. ๐Ÿ“ฐ Contextual Reading Practice

Each topic has two versions: ๐ŸŸข N3/N2 Level โ€” simpler structures, ใงใ™/ใพใ™ register, core compounds. ๐Ÿ”ด Advanced Level โ€” natural Japanese, dense nominal phrases, formal/literary register. Furigana is applied only to non-chapter words that are genuinely difficult, first occurrence per article only. Lesson kanji (ๅ“ก ็„ถ ๆ ็‚น ๅฝ“ ็‰น ๅˆฅ ็„ก ้‡Ž ไบˆ) appear unglossed throughout โ€” read them actively.

๐Ÿ—ž๏ธ Topic 1: ไผš็คพใฎไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ› โ€” Corporate Downsizing

๐ŸŸข N3/N2 Version

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๅ…„ใ‚ใซใฏๅคงใใชไผš็คพใฎไผš็คพๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ๅŽปๅนดใใ‚‡ใญใ‚“ใ€ไผš็คพใฏๅคงใใชๆๅคฑใ‚’ๅ‡บใ ใ—ใ€ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’็™บ่กจใฏใฃใดใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็คพๅ“กใฏๅ…จๅ“กใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žไผšใ›ใคใ‚ใ„ใ‹ใ„ใซ้›†ใ‚ใคใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใฏ่ชฐใ ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ€่พžใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฎๆ•ฐใ‹ใšใฎ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใŒใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

็ตๅฑ€ใ‘ใฃใใ‚‡ใใ€ๅ…„ใฏๅˆฅใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ—ใ”ใจใซ็งปใ†ใคใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไผš็คพใฏ่พžใ‚ใ‚‹็คพๅ“กใซ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ‰‹ๅฝ“ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฏใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ…„ใฏใ€Œๆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใฏๆ€ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ๅฝ“็„ถใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใธใ‚“ใ‹ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็„ก็†ใช่จˆ็”ปใ‘ใ„ใ‹ใใ‚’็ถšใคใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆ—ฉใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใซๅค‰ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ไผš็คพๅ“ก, ็คพๅ“ก, ๅ…จๅ“ก, ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›, ๆๅคฑ, ๆ, ๅฝ“ๆ™‚, ๅฝ“็„ถ, ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“, ๆ‰‹ๅฝ“, ็‰นๅˆฅใช, ๅˆฅใฎ, ๅˆ†้‡Ž, ็„ก็†ใช

๐Ÿ”ด Advanced Version

ๆ˜จๅนดๆฅใ•ใใญใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ„ใฎไธๆณใตใใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€่ฃฝ้€ ๆฅญใ›ใ„ใžใ†ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰้‡‘่žใใ‚“ใ‚†ใ†ใพใงๅน…ๅบƒใฏใฐใฒใ‚ใ„ๅˆ†้‡Žใงไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใŒ็›ธๆฌกใ‚ใ„ใคใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคงๆ‰‹ใŠใŠใฆ้Š€่กŒใงใฏใ€้Š€่กŒๅ“กใฎ็ด„ใ‚„ใไธ€ๅ‰ฒใ„ใกใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒ้€€่ทๅ‹งๅฅจใŸใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฎๅฏพ่ฑกใŸใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใจใชใ‚Šใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใงใ‚‚ๅทฅๅ“กใฎๅฎšๅ“กใŒๅคงๅน…ใŠใŠใฏใฐใซ่ฆ‹็›ดใฟใชใŠใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ไผš็คพๅดใŒใ‚ใฎไบˆๆƒณใ‚’ไธŠๅ›žใ†ใ‚ใพใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟœๅ‹ŸใŠใ†ใผใŒใ‚ใฃใŸไธ€ๆ–นใ„ใฃใฝใ†ใ€ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ้€€่ทๆ‰‹ๅฝ“ใฏๅฝ“ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใ‚’ไธ‹ๅ›žใ—ใŸใพใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅŠดไฝฟใ‚ใ†ใ—ใฎไธปๅผตใ—ใ‚…ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฏๆฟ€ใฏใ’ใ—ใๅฏพ็ซ‹ใŸใ„ใ‚Šใคใ—ใŸใ€‚

ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ›ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹ใฏใ€Œไป–็คพใŸใ—ใ‚ƒใฎๆˆๅŠŸไพ‹ใ›ใ„ใ“ใ†ใ‚Œใ„ใ‚’ใใฎใพใพ่‡ช็คพใ˜ใ—ใ‚ƒใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฑ้™บใใ‘ใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆ€ฅๆฟ€ใใ‚…ใ†ใ’ใใชไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ๆฎ‹ใฎใ“ใฃใŸ็คพๅ“กใฎๆ„ๆฌฒใ„ใ‚ˆใใ‚’ๆใชใ„ใ€้•ทๆœŸ็š„ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใฆใใซใฏๅทจ้กใใ‚‡ใŒใใฎๆๅคฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใพใญใใ‹ใญใชใ„ใ€ใจๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€้›‡็”จใ“ใ‚ˆใ†ใฏไผๆฅญใใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใฎๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚Šใˆใใจ็คพๅ“กใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ›ใ„ใ‹ใคใฎๆŽฅ็‚นใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็„ก็†ใ‚’้‡ใ‹ใ•ใญใ‚Œใฐไฟก้ ผใ—ใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ„ใจใ„ใ†็„กๅฝขใฎ่ฒก็”ฃใ–ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ—ใชใ†ใ€‚ๅˆฅใฎ้“ใฟใกใ‚’ๆจก็ดขใ‚‚ใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใ‚‚็พใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€้›‡็”จใฎๅœจใ‚ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‹ใŸใฏไปŠใ„ใพใ€ๅคงใใช่ปขๆ›ใฆใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“็‚นใ‚’่ฟŽใ‚€ใ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ้Š€่กŒๅ“ก, ๅทฅๅ“ก, ็คพๅ“ก, ๅฎšๅ“ก, ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›, ไบˆๆƒณ, ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š, ๆ‰‹ๅฝ“, ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“, ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹, ๅฝ“็„ถ, ๆใชใ†, ๆๅคฑ, ็„ก็†ใช, ๅˆฅใฎ, ๅˆ†้‡Ž


๐Ÿ—ž๏ธ Topic 2: ๅˆฅ่˜ใงใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชๆšฎใ‚‰ใ— โ€” Life at a Country Villa

๐ŸŸข N3/N2 Version

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใ‹ใžใใฏใ€ๅคใชใคใซใชใ‚‹ใจๅฑฑใ‚„ใพใฎ่ฟ‘ใกใ‹ใใฎๅˆฅ่˜ใธ่กŒใไบˆๅฎšใ‚’็ซ‹ใŸใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ๅˆฅ่˜ใฎๅ‘จใพใ‚ใ‚Šใซใฏๅบƒใฒใ‚ใ„้‡ŽๅŽŸใจๅนณ้‡ŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‡ช็„ถใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่ฑŠใ‚†ใŸใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœใ‚ใ•ใฏๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใ„ๅบญใซใ‚ใงใ€็•‘ใฏใŸใ‘ใฎ้‡Ž่œใ‚’ๆŽกใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฏ็ฉบใใ‚‰ใซๆ˜Ÿใปใ—ใŒ็‚นใ€…ใจๅ…‰ใฒใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ๅฑฑใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฆใ‚“ใใฏๅค‰ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆฏŽๆœใพใ„ใ‚ใ•ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ‹ใใซใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใฎ่พฒๅฎถใฎใ†ใ‹ใฎใŠใ˜ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ็„กๅฃใชไบบใงใ™ใŒใ€้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใฉใ†ใถใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไฝ•ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๅนดใ“ใจใ—ใ‚‚ๅฎถๆ—ๅ…จๅ“กใงใ€็„กไบ‹ใซๆฅฝใŸใฎใ—ใ„ๅคใ‚’้Žใ™ใ”ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ๅˆฅ่˜, ไบˆๅฎš, ้‡ŽๅŽŸ, ๅนณ้‡Ž, ่‡ช็„ถ, ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใ„, ้‡Ž่œ, ็‚นใ€…ใจ, ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ, ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰, ็„กๅฃใช, ้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎ, ๅ…จๅ“ก, ็„กไบ‹ใซ

๐Ÿ”ด Advanced Version

็ฅ–็ˆถใใตใŒๆฎ‹ใฎใ“ใ—ใŸๅˆฅ่˜ใฏใ€้–ขๆฑใ‹ใ‚“ใจใ†ๅนณ้‡Žใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใฟใŠใ‚ใ™้ซ˜ๅฐใŸใ‹ใ ใ„ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅคซใŠใฃใจใจๅˆฅๅฑ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏๆœˆใคใใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใฏใ‚“ใถใ‚“ใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง้Žใ™ใ”ใ™ไบˆๅฎšใ‚’็ต„ใใฟใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’้ƒฝไผšใจใ‹ใ„ใงๆšฎใใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ„ใ†็‹ฌ็‰นใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ›ใ„ใ‹ใคใ‚’็ถšใคใฅใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆœใ‚ใ•ใฏ้œงใใ‚ŠใซๅŒ…ใคใคใพใ‚ŒใŸ้‡ŽๅŽŸใ‚’ๆญฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใใ€ใ“ใฎๅœŸๅœฐใจใก็‰นๆœ‰ใฎใฒใ‚“ใ‚„ใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸ็ฉบๆฐ—ใใ†ใใ‚’ๅธใ™ใ„่พผใ“ใ‚€ใ€‚็•‘ใฏใŸใ‘ใง้‡Ž่œใฎๆ‰‹ๅ…ฅใฆใ„ใ‚Œใ‚’็„กๅฟƒใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใใŒๆถˆใใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚

ๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฏ่–ชใพใใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒ–ใซ็‚น็ซใ—ใ€็‚ŽใปใฎใŠใ‚’็œบใชใŒใ‚ใชใŒใ‚‰้™ใ—ใšใ‹ใชๆ™‚ใจใใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใ€‚ๅฑฑใ‚„ใพใฎๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€่‡ช็„ถใฏ็พŽใ†ใคใใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใใ‚“ใ–ใ„ใงใฏ็„กใ„ใ€‚ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใฏๆฌ ใ‹ใ‹ใ›ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใกใ„ใใฏๅœฐ้œ‡ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚‚ๅคšใŠใŠใใ€ๅœฐ้œ‡ไบˆ็Ÿฅใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ‘ใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†ใŒ้€ฒใ™ใ™ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใญใŒใ†ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎ้นฟใ—ใ‹ใŒๅบญๅ…ˆใซใ‚ใ•ใใซ็พใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆ˜Ÿใปใ—ใŒ็‚นใ€…ใจ่ผใ‹ใŒใ‚„ใๅคœ็ฉบใ‚ˆใžใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธŠใฟใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใณใ€้ƒฝไผšใงใฏๅพ—ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ๅˆฅ่˜, ๅˆฅๅฑ…, ๅนณ้‡Ž, ไบˆๅฎš, ็‹ฌ็‰นใฎ, ้‡ŽๅŽŸ, ็‰นๆœ‰ใฎ, ้‡Ž่œ, ็„กๅฟƒใซ, ็‚น็ซ, ่‡ช็„ถ, ็„กใ„, ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ, ๅœฐ้œ‡ไบˆ็Ÿฅ, ้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎ, ็‚นใ€…ใจ, ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰


๐Ÿ—ž๏ธ Topic 3: ็‰นๆ€ฅๅˆ—่ปŠใฎๆ—… โ€” A Journey by Special Express

๐ŸŸข N3/N2 Version

ๅ…ˆๆœˆใ›ใ‚“ใ’ใคใ€ๅ‹ไบบใ‚†ใ†ใ˜ใ‚“ใจ็‰นๆ€ฅใซไน—ใฎใฃใฆใ€ๆตทใ†ใฟใฎ็”บใพใกใธ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅธญใ›ใใฏๆ—ฉใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใซไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้ง…ใˆใใงใฏไฟ‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ŠใฎไบบใŒ่ปŠไธกใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฎ็‚นๆคœใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ‚ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎ็‰นๆ€ฅใฎ็‰นๅพดใฏใ€ๅคงใใช็ช“ใพใฉใจ้™ใ—ใšใ‹ใช่ปŠๅ†…ใ—ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆกˆๅ†…ๆฟใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ„ใฐใ‚“ใซใฏ็‚นๅญ—ใ‚‚ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€่ชฐใ ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใคใ‹ใ„ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใŒ็‰น่‰ฒใงใ™ใ€‚

้ง…ใฎๅฃฒๅบ—ใฐใ„ใฆใ‚“ใงใฏ็‰นๅฃฒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ็„กๅœฐใฎใƒใƒณใ‚ซใƒใ‚’่ฒทใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไผšๅ“กใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฟใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€้ฃฒใฎใฟ็‰ฉใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็„กๆ–™ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅคฉๆฐ—ใฆใ‚“ใใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญใ„ใกใซใกใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ๆ™ดใฏใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ€Œๆ™ดใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบˆๆƒณใŒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅค•ๆ–นใ‚†ใ†ใŒใŸใ€้ง…ใงๅ‹ไบบใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใฆๅฎถใ„ใˆใซๅธฐใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใใ‚‡ใ†ใฎๆ—…่กŒใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ†ใฏ็™พ็‚นใ ใญใ€ใจๅ‹ไบบใŒ็ฌ‘ใ‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ็‰นๆ€ฅ, ไบˆ็ด„, ็‚นๆคœ, ็‰นๅพด, ็‚นๅญ—, ็‰น่‰ฒ, ็‰นๅฃฒ, ็„กๅœฐใฎ, ไผšๅ“ก, ็„กๆ–™ใฎ, ไบˆๆƒณ, ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹, ๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹, ็™พ็‚น

๐Ÿ”ด Advanced Version

้ซ˜ๆ กใ“ใ†ใ“ใ†ใฎๆ•™ๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€้•ทใชใŒใ„ไผ‘ใ‚„ใ™ใฟใฎใŸใณใซ้‰„้“ใฆใคใฉใ†ใฎๆ—…ใŸใณใซๅ‡บใงใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ›ใ‚“ใ˜ใคใ€ใ‹ใคใฆ็„กๅใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใใ‚“ใ–ใ„ใ ใฃใŸๅœฐๆ–นใกใปใ†ใฎ็‰นๆ€ฅใŒ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅˆ—่ปŠใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใจใ—ใฆ็”Ÿใ†ใพใ‚Œๅค‰ใ‹ใ‚ใฃใŸใจ่žใใใ€็‰นใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใใ‚‡ใ†ใฟใ‚’ๅผ•ใฒใ‹ใ‚Œใฆไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ–ใจใฃใŸใ€‚่ปŠๅ†…ใ—ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงๆกˆๅ†…ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸ้’ๅนดใ›ใ„ใญใ‚“ใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใ™ใ†ใญใ‚“ใพใˆใซๆ•™ใŠใ—ใˆใŸๅ’ๆฅญ็”ŸใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅˆถๆœๅงฟใ›ใ„ใตใใ™ใŒใŸใฏๆ•™ๅฎคใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใคใง่ฆ‹ใฟใŸ้ ƒใ“ใ‚ใจใฏใพใ‚‹ใงๅˆฅไบบใงใ€ใใฎๆˆ้•ทใ›ใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใถใ‚Šใซ็›ฎใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใฟใฏใฃใŸใ€‚

ๅฝผใ‹ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅˆ—่ปŠใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใŒไป–ใปใ‹ใจ้•ใกใŒใ†็‚นใฏใ€ๅœฐๅ…ƒใ˜ใ‚‚ใจใฎ่ทไบบใ—ใ‚‡ใใซใ‚“ใฎๆ‰‹ไป•ไบ‹ใฆใ—ใ”ใจใ‚’็”Ÿใ„ใ‹ใ—ใŸๅ†…่ฃ…ใชใ„ใใ†ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ“ใใŒๆœ€ๅคงใ•ใ„ใ ใ„ใฎ็‰น้•ทใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ€‚ๅนด้ฝขใญใ‚“ใ‚Œใ„ใ‚„้šœๅฎณใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ„ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ†ใ‚€ใงไน—ๅฎขใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚ƒใใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ—ใชใ„่จญ่จˆใ›ใฃใ‘ใ„ใ‚‚ๅพนๅบ•ใฆใฃใฆใ„ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€้€š่ทฏใคใ†ใ‚ใฎๆ‰‹ใฆใ™ใ‚Šใซใฏ็‚นๅญ—ใฎๆกˆๅ†…ใŒๆทปใใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅทฎๅˆฅใฎ็„กใ„็ฉบ้–“ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใฅใใ‚ŠใธใฎๅŠชๅŠ›ใฉใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใฏใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใซใจใฉใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ไพกๅ€คใ‹ใกใ‚’ๆŒใ‚‚ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚

่ปŠ็ช“ใ—ใ‚ƒใใ†ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‘ใ—ใใซใ€ใตใจๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅญฆ็”Ÿๆ™‚ไปฃใŒใใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ ใ„ใฎๆ—…ใง้€šใจใŠใฃใŸ่ทฏ็ทšใ‚ใ›ใ‚“ใ ใฃใŸใฎใ ใ€‚ใ‚ใฎๆ—…ใ“ใใ€ๆ•™ๅ“กใจใ„ใ†ไป•ไบ‹ใ—ใ”ใจใ‚’้ธใˆใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ ๅŽŸ็‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆŽก็‚นใ‚„ไผš่ญฐใ‹ใ„ใŽใซ่ฟฝใŠใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€…ใฒใณใฎไธญใชใ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใ›ใ„ใจใฎ็ญ”ๆกˆใจใ†ใ‚ใ‚“ใซใ€Œ็™พ็‚นใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใๅ–œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ“ใณใฏๅค‰ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ๆ—…ใจใ„ใ†ๅŽŸ็‚นใซๆˆปใ‚‚ใฉใ‚‹ใŸใณใ€ๅˆๅฟƒใ—ใ‚‡ใ—ใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€็‚นใ ใ‘ใฏๅคฑใ†ใ—ใชใ†ใพใ„ใจๆ€ใŠใ‚‚ใ†ใ€‚

Key Vocabulary Used: ๆ•™ๅ“ก, ็„กๅใฎ, ็‰นๆ€ฅ, ็‰นใซ, ไบˆ็ด„, ๅˆฅไบบ, ็‚น, ็‰น้•ท, ๅŒบๅˆฅ, ็‚นๅญ—, ๅทฎๅˆฅ, ็„กใ„, ๅˆ†้‡Ž, ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š, ๅŽŸ็‚น, ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚น, ็™พ็‚น


3. ๐Ÿ“ Complete Vocabulary List

Source: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono โ€” Denisowski KIC List (v1.0). Raw file corrections silently applied; see ๐Ÿ“š Notes.

395 โ€” ๅ“ก (employee)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
็คพๅ“กใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“company worker
ไผš็คพๅ“กใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“company worker
้Š€่กŒๅ“กใŽใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ‚“bank employee
ๆ•™ๅ“กใใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใ‚“teacher
ๅทฅๅ“กใ“ใ†ใ„ใ‚“factory worker
ไผšๅ“กใ‹ใ„ใ„ใ‚“member (of a club or society)
ๅ…จๅ“กใœใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“all members, entire staff
ๅฎšๅ“กใฆใ„ใ„ใ‚“(seating) capacity, quota
ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ˜ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“ใ•ใใ’ใ‚“personnel cut, reduction, layoff

396 โ€” ็„ถ (sort of thing)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
่‡ช็„ถใ—ใœใ‚“nature
ๅฝ“็„ถใจใ†ใœใ‚“naturally, as a matter of course
ๅคฉ็„ถใ‚ฌใ‚นใฆใ‚“ใญใ‚“ใ‚ฌใ‚นnatural gas
ๅ…จ็„ถใœใ‚“ใœใ‚“not at all

397 โ€” ๆ (damage)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ๆใใ‚“loss, deficit; lose
ๆๅคฑใใ‚“ใ—ใคloss, deficit
ๆใชใ†ใใ“ใชใ†hurt, damage

398 โ€” ็‚น (spot)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
็‚นใฆใ‚“point
็™พ็‚นใฒใ‚ƒใใฆใ‚“full marks, perfect score (on a test)
ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใ—ใ‚…ใฃใฑใคใฆใ‚“starting point
ๅŽŸ็‚นใ’ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“origin (of coordinates or axes)
็‚นๅญ—ใฆใ‚“ใ˜braille
็‚น็ซใฆใ‚“ใ‹ignite
็‚นๆคœใฆใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“check
็‚นใ€…ใจใฆใ‚“ใฆใ‚“ใจhere and there, sporadically, in drops

399 โ€” ๅฝ“ (hit)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใจใ†ใ˜at that time
่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใ‘ใ‚“ใจใ†estimate
ๆ‰‹ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚ใฆallowance, medical treatment; treat (a cut, burn, etc.)
ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹hit
ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใ„ใฒใ‚ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใ„be sunny, have lots of sunshine
ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใพใˆnatural, proper
ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹apply (a rule, etc.)
ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฒใจใ‚Šใ‚ใŸใ‚Šper person, per capita
ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šidea
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใจใ†ใฎtrue, real
ๅฝ“ๅˆ†ใจใ†ใถใ‚“for the time being

400 โ€” ็‰น (special)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
็‰นๆ€ฅใจใฃใใ‚…ใ†special express (train)
็‰น่‰ฒใจใใ—ใ‚‡ใspecial characteristic
็‰น้•ทใจใใกใ‚‡ใ†special characteristic
็‰นๅพดใจใใกใ‚‡ใ†distinctive feature
็‰นๅฃฒใจใใฐใ„bargain sale
็‰นใซใจใใซspecially, particularly
็‰นๆœ‰ใฎใจใใ‚†ใ†ใฎcharacteristic of, peculiar to
็‹ฌ็‰นใฎใฉใใจใใฎpeculiar, original, unique

401 โ€” ๅˆฅ (separate)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ๅˆฅใฎในใคใฎdifferent, separate, another
ๅŒบๅˆฅใในใคdistinguish, differentiate
ๅˆฅๅฑ…ในใคใใ‚‡live apart
ๅˆฅไบบในใคใ˜ใ‚“different person
ๅทฎๅˆฅใ•ในใคdiscriminate
ๅˆฅ่˜ในใฃใใ†country villa, country cottage, summer house
ๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹part from, separate from a person
็‰นๅˆฅใชใจใในใคใชspecial, particular

402 โ€” ็„ก (nothingness)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
็„ก็†ใชใ‚€ใ‚Šใชimpossible
็„กๅใฎใ‚€ใ‚ใ„ใฎunknown
็„กๅœฐใฎใ‚€ใ˜ใฎplain, unfigured
็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚€ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฎfree (of charge)
็„กๅฃใชใ‚€ใใกใชtaciturn, reticent
็„กๅฟƒใซใ‚€ใ—ใ‚“ใซinnocently
็„กไบ‹ใซใถใ˜ใซsafely, with no problems
็„กใ„ใชใ„not have, not exist

403 โ€” ้‡Ž (plains)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ๅˆ†้‡Žใถใ‚“ใ‚„field (of studies, etc.)
้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎใ‚„ใ›ใ„ใฎwild
้‡Ž่œใ‚„ใ•ใ„vegetable
ๅนณ้‡Žใธใ„ใ‚„plain, flat land
้‡ŽๅŽŸใฎใฏใ‚‰field, plain

404 โ€” ไบˆ (beforehand)

VocabularyReadingMeaning
ไบˆๅฎšใ‚ˆใฆใ„plan, schedule; make a plan, prearrange
ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚ˆใ‚„ใreservation, appointment; reserve, make an appointment
ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใใ†expect, foresee
ๅœฐ้œ‡ไบˆ็Ÿฅใ˜ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใกearthquake prediction
ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใฆใ‚“ใใ‚ˆใปใ†weather forecast

4. ๐Ÿ’ก Study Aids & Learning Tips

Each subsection is a table for quick scanning. Column headers below are load-bearing โ€” match this shape when authoring so all chapters read alike.

A. Semantic Grouping

GroupKanjiKey Compounds
People and personnelๅ“ก็คพๅ“ก, ไผš็คพๅ“ก, ้Š€่กŒๅ“ก, ๆ•™ๅ“ก, ๅทฅๅ“ก, ไผšๅ“ก, ๅ…จๅ“ก, ๅฎšๅ“ก, ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›
Hitting the mark, scoring pointsๅฝ“, ็‚นๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹, ๅฝ“็„ถ, ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰, ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“, ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š, ็‚น, ็™พ็‚น, ็‚นๆคœ, ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚น, ๅŽŸ็‚น
Special vs separate็‰น, ๅˆฅ็‰นๅˆฅใช, ็‰นใซ, ็‰น่‰ฒ, ็‰นๅพด, ็‹ฌ็‰นใฎ, ๅŒบๅˆฅ, ๅทฎๅˆฅ, ๅˆฅใฎ, ๅˆฅไบบ
Absence and loss็„ก, ๆ็„กใ„, ็„ก็†ใช, ็„กๆ–™ใฎ, ็„กๅใฎ, ๆ, ๆๅคฑ, ๆใชใ†
Nature and open country็„ถ, ้‡Ž่‡ช็„ถ, ้‡Ž็”Ÿใฎ, ้‡Ž่œ, ้‡ŽๅŽŸ, ๅนณ้‡Ž, ๅˆ†้‡Ž
Looking aheadไบˆไบˆๅฎš, ไบˆ็ด„, ไบˆๆƒณ, ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ, ๅœฐ้œ‡ไบˆ็Ÿฅ

B. On'yomi Pairs & Disambiguation

ReadingKanjiDomainExample
ใ‚คใƒณๅ“กmember, personnelๅ…จๅ“กใœใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
ใ‚ฝใƒณๆloss (ๅ“ก phonetic, drifted)ๆๅคฑใใ‚“ใ—ใค
ใ‚ผใƒณ็„ถ"so, thus" โ€” the usual readingๅฝ“็„ถใจใ†ใœใ‚“
ใƒใƒณ็„ถsame kanji, second on'yomiๅคฉ็„ถใฆใ‚“ใญใ‚“
ใƒ†ใƒณ็‚นpoint (same reading as ๅบ—, L3)็‚นๆคœใฆใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“
ใƒˆใ‚ฆๅฝ“hit, correspond, currentๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใจใ†ใ˜
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ็‰นspecial็‰นๆ€ฅใจใฃใใ‚…ใ†
ใƒ™ใƒ„ๅˆฅseparate, distinctๅŒบๅˆฅใในใค
ใƒ ็„กnegation (productive prefix)็„ก็†ใ‚€ใ‚Š
ใƒ–็„กnegation (fossilised words only)็„กไบ‹ใถใ˜
ใƒค้‡Žfield (ไบˆ phonetic, drifted)ๅˆ†้‡Žใถใ‚“ใ‚„
ใƒจไบˆbeforehandไบˆๅฎšใ‚ˆใฆใ„

Watch: ็„ก splits ใƒ  (productive โ€” ็„กๆ–™, ็„กๅ, ็„ก็†, and dozens more) vs ใƒ– (a closed set of fossilised words โ€” ็„กไบ‹, ็„ก็คผ, ็„ก้›ฃ). ็„ถ splits ใ‚ผใƒณ (ๅฝ“็„ถ, ่‡ช็„ถ) vs ใƒใƒณ (ๅคฉ็„ถ). ็‰นๆ€ฅ geminates: ใƒˆใ‚ฏ+ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ โ†’ ใจใฃใใ‚…ใ†.

C. Kun'yomi Verbs

VerbReadingMeaningExample Sentence
ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹hit, be on target (intrans.)ไบˆๆƒณใŒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹
ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹apply (a rule) to่ฆๅ‰‡ใใใใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹part from (a person)้ง…ใˆใใงๅ‹ไบบใ‚†ใ†ใ˜ใ‚“ใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆใชใ†ใใ“ใชใ†harm, impairๅฅๅบทใ‘ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ‚’ๆใชใ†
็„กใ„ใชใ„not exist, not haveๆ™‚้–“ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒ็„กใ„

Note the kun-heavy ๅฝ“ family beyond the verbs: ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ (ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใพใˆ "natural"), ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š (ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š "an idea/hunch"), ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š (ใฒใ‚ใŸใ‚Š "sun exposure"), ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š (ใฒใจใ‚Šใ‚ใŸใ‚Š "per person") โ€” all kun readings inside compound-looking words.

D. ๐Ÿ“Œ The โฝ•/็ฌ (ใ‚Œใฃใ‹) Radical Cluster (็„ถ, ็‚น, ็„ก)

Three of the ten kanji in this lesson end in the same four dots โ€” ็ฌ, the "fire" radical in its bottom position. But the dots are genuine fire in only two of them:

KanjiRadical roleMeaning source
็„ถgenuine fireoriginally "roast" โ€” โบผ (meat) + ็Šฌ (dog) + ็ฌ (fire). The "burn" sense later moved to ็‡ƒ (็„ถ+็ซ, L64); ็„ถ itself was borrowed for "so, thus" (ๅฝ“็„ถ, ่‡ช็„ถ)
็‚นgenuine fireๅ  (sound) + fire: a flame scorches a surface, leaving a black mark โ†’ dot, point. The traditional form ้ปž uses ้ป’ (black) outright
็„กFALSE firea pictograph of a dancer with tasselled sleeves, borrowed for "nothing"; the four dots are the dancer's legs and tassels corrupted into ็ฌ. ่ˆž (dance) carries on the original picture

Takeaway: ็ฌ at the bottom of a kanji usually does mean fire (็„ถ, ็‚น, ็†ฑ, ็…ง, ็„ฆ) โ€” but not always. In ็„ก (and in ้ญš, where the dots are a fish tail), the dots are corrupted drawing, not flame. Don't assume the radical tells the meaning.

E. Watch Out! โš ๏ธ

ItemTrapCorrect
ๆ‰‹ๅฝ“ (ใฆใ‚ใฆ)Reading as ใ—ใ‚…ใจใ†ใฆใ‚ใฆ โ€” kun+kun despite the two-kanji compound shape. Same pattern in ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š (ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š) and ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š (ใฒใ‚ใŸใ‚Š).
็„กไบ‹ใซ (ใถใ˜ใซ)Reading as ใ‚€ใ˜ใซใถใ˜ใซ. ็„ก keeps ใƒ– only in a closed set of fossilised words (็„กไบ‹, ็„ก็คผ, ็„ก้›ฃ); everything productive is ใƒ .
็‰น้•ท vs ็‰นๅพดBoth read ใจใใกใ‚‡ใ†็‰น้•ท = strong point, merit (้•ท "long suit" โ€” always positive); ็‰นๅพด = distinctive feature (neutral โ€” can even be a flaw).
ๅˆฅ่˜ (ในใฃใใ†)Reading as ในใคใใ†ในใฃใใ†. ใƒ™ใƒ„ geminates before the s-row: ๅˆฅ+่˜ โ†’ ในใฃใใ†. Compare ็‰นๅˆฅ (ใจใในใค โ€” no gemination, ใƒ™ใƒ„ is final).
้‡ŽๅŽŸ vs ๅนณ้‡ŽMixing ้‡Ž's on and kun slots้‡ŽๅŽŸ = ใฎใฏใ‚‰ (kun ใฎ first); ๅนณ้‡Ž = ใธใ„ใ‚„ (on ใƒค last). Same kanji, opposite positions, opposite readings.
ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠReading as ใ„ใกใซใ‚“ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฒใจใ‚Šใ‚ใŸใ‚Š โ€” ไธ€ไบบ keeps its irregular kun ใฒใจใ‚Š even inside the longer compound.
ๅคฉ็„ถ (ใฆใ‚“ใญใ‚“)Assuming ็„ถ is always ใ‚ผใƒณ็„ถ splits: ใ‚ผใƒณ in ๅฝ“็„ถใƒป่‡ช็„ถ, but ใƒใƒณ in ๅคฉ็„ถ (and in ็‡ƒ later).

5. โœ๏ธ Writing Practice Prompts

  1. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพ(็Ÿฅใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™)ใŒไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’็™บ่กจใฏใฃใดใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใใ†ใžใ†ใ—ใฆใ€็Ÿญใฟใ˜ใ‹ใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใใ˜ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็คพๅ“กใฏไฝ•ไบบใชใ‚“ใซใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๆๅคฑใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๅ…จๅ“กใŒใฉใ†ๅๅฟœใฏใ‚“ใฎใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚(Use: ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›, ็คพๅ“ก, ๅ…จๅ“ก, ๆๅคฑ, ๅฝ“็„ถ)

  2. ็†ๆƒณใ‚Šใใ†ใฎๅˆฅ่˜ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใฉใ‚“ใช่‡ช็„ถใซๅ›ฒใ‹ใ“ใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๅบญใซใ‚ใ‚„็•‘ใฏใŸใ‘ใง้‡Ž่œใ‚’่‚ฒใใ ใฆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚(Use: ๅˆฅ่˜, ่‡ช็„ถ, ๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใ„, ้‡Ž่œ, ้‡ŽๅŽŸ)

  3. ็‰นๆ€ฅใซไน—ใฎใฃใŸๆ—…่กŒใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ†ใฎๆ€ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ๅ‡บใงใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅธญใ›ใใฏไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ใใฎ้›ป่ปŠใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใฎ็‰น่‰ฒใ‚„็‰นๅพดใฏไฝ•ใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใฏๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚(Use: ็‰นๆ€ฅ, ไบˆ็ด„, ็‰น่‰ฒ, ็‰นๅพด, ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹, ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ)

  4. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€งๆ ผใ›ใ„ใ‹ใใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ›ใคใ‚ใ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็„กๅฃใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใฏใชใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚็‰นใซๅพ—ๆ„ใจใใ„ใชๅˆ†้‡Žใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใปใ‹ใฎไบบใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ˜ใถใ‚“ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹็‚นใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚(Use: ็„กๅฃใช, ็‰นใซ, ๅˆ†้‡Ž, ๅŒบๅˆฅ, ็‚น)


6. ๐Ÿงช Quick Self-Test

Fill in the reading for each word, then check your answers.

#WordYour Reading
1ๅ…จๅ“ก
2ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›
3ๅฝ“็„ถ
4ๆๅคฑ
5็‚นๆคœ
6ๆ‰‹ๅฝ“
7็‰นๅพด
8ๅˆฅ่˜
9็„กไบ‹ใซ
10้‡ŽๅŽŸ
11ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ
12่ฆ‹ๅฝ“
Answers
  1. ใœใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
  2. ใ˜ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“ใ•ใใ’ใ‚“
  3. ใจใ†ใœใ‚“
  4. ใใ‚“ใ—ใค
  5. ใฆใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“
  6. ใฆใ‚ใฆ
  7. ใจใใกใ‚‡ใ†
  8. ในใฃใใ†
  9. ใถใ˜ใซ
  10. ใฎใฏใ‚‰
  11. ใฆใ‚“ใใ‚ˆใปใ†
  12. ใ‘ใ‚“ใจใ†

After authoring questions, run nu scripts/selftest-answers.nu 23 to auto-fill the Answers block.


๐Ÿ“š Notes


References: Kanji in Context by Nishiguchi & Kono (Lesson 23, Kanji 395โ€“404) ยท Denisowski KIC Vocabulary List v1.0 (http://denisowski.org/Japanese/KIC/kanji_in_context_023.txt)